“非遗”视角下民族职业教育扶贫的内在逻辑与实践路径  

Internal Logic and Practical Path of Poverty Alleviation in Ethnic Vocational Education from the Perspective of “Intangible Cultural Heritage”

作　　者：许珂 郭可冉 XU Ke;GUO Ke-ran(School of Economics,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100089;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 102488)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学经济学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102488

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2021年第2期115-122,共8页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：2017年国家社会科学基金项目“弘扬我国优秀传统文化与提升少数民族文化精品竞力的研究”(项目编号:17BMZ050);2019年中央民族大学博士自主科研项目“民族地区特色文化产业扶贫开发研究”(项目编号:BBZZKY2019010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于对少数民族"非物质文化遗产"扶贫的调查,发现"非遗扶贫"中被帮扶的主体是旧社会分工中掌握传统技艺的贫困群体,非遗传承人的旧社会分工角色与现代经济社会不协调、不适应是其贫困的根源,而因少数民族文化的特殊性而被赋予的新社会分工角色成为少数民族摆脱贫困的动力源泉。本文以社会分工变迁为切入点,在"个人—社会"二元框架下进行分析,首先通过社会调查提出民族职业教育助推非遗扶贫的原因,即存在非遗传承人的技能和职业能力不能适应现代市场经济,并且传统师徒传承方式难以为继的问题,其次讨论国家层面对非遗扶贫的重视和相关政策,在此基础上重点论证如何通过民族职业教育使非遗传承人顺应社会分工的变迁,融入现代社会分工,适应新社会分工角色以便摆脱贫困,从而实现非遗传承人从"个人的发展"到"融入社会共同体"这一逻辑,最后指出民族职业教育助推非遗扶贫应从构建多层次职业教育体系、加强非遗传承人的创新能力、培养本土生源与本土就业人才、提升非遗传承人话语权四个方面协同推进。Based on the investigation of "intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation"of ethnic groups,this paper finds that the main body of "intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation"is the poor people who master the traditional skills in the old social division of labor. The intangible cultural heritage inheritor’s role of division of labor in the old society and the uncoordinated adjustment of economic society are the root cause for their poverty. Because of the particularity of ethnic culture,the new role of social division of labor has become the motive source for ethnic people to get rid of poverty.This paper takes the change of social division of labor as the starting point,and analyzes it under the dual framework of "individual society". First of all,through the social investigation,this paper puts forward the reasons why the ethnic vocational education can promote the poverty alleviation of the intangible cultural heritage;Secondly,we discuss the importance of intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation and related policies at the national level. On this basis,the author emphatically demonstrates how to make the inheritors adapt to the change of social division of labor through ethnic vocational education,join the division of labor in modern society,and adapt to the role of division of labor in the new society to get rid of poverty. Finally,it pointed out that the ethnic vocational education should promote the intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation from four aspects: constructing the multi-level vocational education system,strengthening the innovation ability of the inheritors,cultivating the local students and the local employment for professionals,and promoting the discourse power of the inheritors.

关 键 词：非遗 民族职业教育 扶贫 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学]