非合作目标交会接近的自主检测和跟踪方法研究  

Research on Autonomous Detection and Tracking Method for Rendezvous and Proximity of an Uncooperative Target

作　　者：杜荣华 张翔[1] 王宁 汪玲[2] 张兴星 DU Rong-hua;ZHANG Xiang;WANG Ning;WANG Ling;ZHANG Xing-xing(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;College of Electronic and Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,南京210094 [2]南京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,南京210016

出　　处：《宇航学报》2021年第5期621-633,共13页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61803204);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20180465)。

摘　　要：提出一种针对空间非合作目标交会接近的自主检测和跟踪方法。在摄像机捕获原始图像后,利用推导的主动星高精度姿态来确定摄像机的精确指向,并结合恒星星库进行初步恒星对象剔除操作,随后基于不同对象在图像中的运动轨迹差异进行目标的精确识别。在目标仅视线角可观测的条件下,基于相对轨道根数建立相对运动方程,并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)构建仅测角相对导航滤波器以推导出主动星和目标之间的相对运动状态。最后通过搭建的半物理仿真平台,对该方法在3种轨道场景中的性能进行了仿真测试,结果显示,当卫星姿态确定的指向精度在优于3″的条件下,该方法的目标检测正确率在96%以上,提出的仅测角相对导航滤波器的相对定轨精度在所测距离范围的1%以内。An autonomous detection and tracking method for rendezvous and proximity of an uncooperative target in space is proposed.After the camera captures the original images,the derived high-precision satellite attitude is used to determine the precise camera’s pointing,and the initial stellar objects removal is implemented in conjunction with the stellar library,and then the target is accurately identified based on the difference in the trajectories of different objects in the images.Under the condition that only the target’s line-of-sight angle is observable,a relative motion equation is established based on the relative orbital elements,and an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is used to construct an angles-only relative navigation filter to derive the relative motion state between the target and the active satellite.A semi-physical simulation platform is built to test the performances of the method in three orbital scenarios.The results show that when the pointing accuracy of the satellite attitude determination is better than 3″,the target detection accuracy of the method can reach above 96%,and the relative orbit determination accuracy of the proposed angles-only relative navigation filter can reach within 1%of the measured range.

关 键 词：非合作目标检测 自主交会 视觉跟踪 仅测角相对导航 相对轨道根数 

分 类 号：V249.32[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]