空军飞行人员膳食调查  

Dietary survey of air force pilots

作　　者：杜鹏 白霜 穆慧玲 陈曦蒙 房龙梅 李峰 刘鹏 景洪江 王若永 蒋与刚 DU Peng;BAI Shuang;MU Hui-ling;CHEN Xi-meng;FANG Long-mei;LI Feng;LIU Peng;JING Hong-jiang;WANG Ruo-yong;JIANG Yu-gang(Research Department,Air Force Characteristic Medical Center,Beijing,100142,China;Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Tianjing,300050,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心研究部,北京100142 [2]军事科学院军事医学研究院环境医学与作业医学研究所,天津300050

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第6期756-759,763,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：后勤科研军用标准项目(BWS18B026)。

摘　　要：目的掌握空军飞行人员的膳食营养现状,为指导飞行人员合理膳食提供科学依据。方法根据GJB 1636A—2016《军队膳食营养调查方法》,于2018年11月—2019年3月,采用称量法分别对空军3个部队单位开展膳食调查,以与现行军标相比达标率在±10%以内为达标,评价膳食营养及食物构成是否合理。结果飞行人员摄入达标的食物为水果类,达标率为105.9%;摄入不足的食物包括蔬菜类、谷类、畜肉类、乳类、鱼类、禽肉、菌藻、大豆和干菜类,达标率分别为87.5%、79.1%、76.9%、44.0%、43.3%、40.4%、29.3%、24.4%和9.6%;蛋类和食盐摄入量严重超标,分别达到推荐量的169.7%和153.3%;植物油摄入量98.9 g/人·日,添加糖摄入量平均4.9 g/人·日,未超过标准推荐量。部分维生素和矿物质摄入量不均衡,维生素A、B1、B2和锌摄入不足,分别为标准的87.5%、69.3%、64.4%和89.8%,维生素E、钠、铁、铜和碘摄入超标,分别为标准的353.8%、232.8%、241.1%、387.5%和184.1%。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供能比分别为17%、43%和40%,与推荐摄入量相比出现结构严重偏离,呈"高蛋白、高脂肪或低碳水化合物"的饮食模式。早、午、晚餐供能比分别为28%、38%和34%,除晚餐比例稍高外,飞行人员3餐比例尚可。结论空军部队飞行人员食物摄入量不够均衡,饮食结构不尽合理,应注意加强对飞行人员的营养宣教和引导。Objective To investigate the dietary intakes of the air force pilots,provide scientific basis for the guideline of balanced diet in pilots. Methods From November 2018 to March 2019,dietary survey was carried out by weighing method according to the"method of nutrition survey and assessment in armed forces"(GJB 1636 A-2016) in three troops of air force. The result was evaluated as standard-reaching when it is within ±10% of the current military standard,to evaluate the rationality of dietary nutrition and food composition. Results Fruits intakes of pilots met the request of the criteria,with the standard-reaching rate of 105.9%. The intakes of vegetables,cereals,meats,milk,fish,poultry,fungi and algae,legume and dry vegetables were insufficient,which the standard-reaching rate was 87.5%,79.1%,76.9%,44.0%,43.3%,40.4%,29.3%,24.4% and 9.6%,respectively. The intakes of eggs and salt seriously exceeding the criteria,which reached 169.7% and 153.3% of requirement recommendation respectively. The intakes of vegetable oil and added sugar was 98.9 g/person ·day and 4.9 g/person·day,which met the recommendation. The intakes of some vitamins and mineral were imbalanced. The intakes of vitamin A,B1,B2 and zinc were insufficient,which was 87.5%,69.3%,64.4% and 89.8% of the recommended intakes,respectively. The intakes of vitamin E,sodium,iron,copper and iodine exceeded the criteria,which was 353.8%,232.8%,241.1%,387.5% and 184.1% of their commended intakes,respectively. Energy supply ratio of protein,fat and carbohydrate was respectively 17%,43% and 40%,there was a serious deviation in the structure as the recommendation,shoeing a dietary pattern of "high protein,high fat and low carbohydrate".Energy supply ratio of breakfast,lunch and dinner was respectively 28%,38% and 34%,which was satisfactory except slightly higher proportion of dinner. Conclusion Food intakes of air force pilots are not balanced and the dietary pattern is not reasonable.Nutrition education and direction for the air force pilots should be strengthened.

关 键 词：空军 飞行员 膳食调查 饮食结构 

分 类 号：R153.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]