伊犁河谷冰葡萄最佳延迟采收时间探讨  

Discussion on the Optimal Delayed Harvest Date of Ice Grape in Yili River Valley

作　　者：黄娟[1,2,3] 顾雅文 刘纪疆 胡启瑞 王曼 HUANG Juan;GU Ya-wen;LIU Ji-jiang;HU Qi-rui;WANG Man(Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Center of Central Asia Atmospheric Science Research,Urumqi 830002;Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中亚大气科学研究中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆农业气象台,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2021年第6期486-494,共9页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2019009);中亚大气科学研究基金(CASS201819)。

摘　　要：2018-2019年对伊宁县观测区的冰葡萄进行分期采收试验,并测定不同延迟采收时间果实的总糖、总酸、糖酸比,利用相关分析、偏回归分析和多元线性回归分析,探寻不同延迟采收期冰葡萄的品质变化、品质年际变化以及品质与气象因子关系的变化规律,并以此判别当冰葡萄达到“最优品质”时的最佳采收时间,为优化冰葡萄品质、合理化区域管理提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)2018年及2019年随着冰葡萄成熟后采收时间的推迟,总糖和总酸含量的整体变化趋势基本一致,均表现为总糖含量随采收时间推迟逐渐增大,总酸含量随采收时间推迟呈先减后增的变化特点。(2)影响冰葡萄总糖含量的主要气象因子有采摘前120d平均气温(T_(120))、采摘前120d平均最低气温(T_(min120))、采摘前30d平均气温日较差(ΔT_(30));影响冰葡萄总酸含量的主要气象因子有采摘前120d平均气温(T_(120))、采摘前120d平均最低气温(T_(min120))、采摘前120d平均相对湿度(RH_(120))、采摘前60d平均相对湿度(RH_(60))。(3)形成“最优品质”所需的气象条件适宜区间为7.5℃≤T_(120)≤18.3℃,4.8℃≤T_(min120)≤9.6℃,48%≤RH_(60)≤70%,52.3%≤RH_(120)≤64.8%,研究区采收期气象条件满足上述范围时,冰葡萄达到最佳采收时间。2018年最佳采收时间为11月21日,2019年最佳采收时间为12月1日。根据此气象条件,对2020年伊宁县冰葡萄最佳采收期进行验证,结果与实际相符,说明研究结果可以用于实际推广。Ice wine belongs to the highest class of high-quality wines and is recognized as the best wine in the world.The quality of ice grapes plays a decisive role in the quality of ice wine,and the differences in climate conditions in different regions and interannual climate changes have a great impact on the quality of ice grapes.Different harvest dates after maturity correspond to different weather conditions and fruit quality.Therefore,it is particularly important to determine the harvest date of ice grapes.In order to determine the optimal delayed harvest date of ice grape in Yili River Valley,ice grapes from the observation area were harvested in stages from 2018 to 2019.This experiment was conducted in Yining County and the grape was harvested in different dates and then the contents of the total sugar,total acid,and sugar-acid ratio in grape fruits were measured in the laboratory thereafter.The correlation analysis,partial regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to figure out the quality change rule,inter-annual quality change rule,and the relationship between quality and meteorological factors of ice grapes in different delayed harvest periods.Conclude the best harvest period when ice grapes reach the‘best quality’in Yili River Valley.Provide a reference for optimizing the quality of ice grapes and rationalizing regional management in the future.The results showed that:(1)the content of the total sugar and total acid in 2018 and 2019 had the same trend with the delay of the harvest date.The total sugar gradually increased with the delay of the harvest date,and the total acid climbing firstly and then fell down.(2)Average temperature of 120 days before harvest(T_(120)),average minimum temperature of 120 days before harvest(T_(min120)),average daily temperature range of 30 days before harvest(ΔT_(30))were the most important factors affected total sugar content of ice grape.Average temperature of 120 days before harvest(T_(120)),average minimum temperature of 120 days before h

关 键 词：冰葡萄 最佳采收时间 回归分析 气象因子 葡萄品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]