中国东北某贫困县居民膳食调查  

DIETARY SURVEY OF THE RESIDENTS IN AN IMPOVERISHED COUNTY OF NORTHEAST CHINA

作　　者：张志宏[1,4] 王丝寒 冯任南 赵琳 张鑫[3] ZHANG Zhi-hong;WANG Si-han;FENG Ren-nan;ZHAO Lin;ZHANG Xin(Institute of Food Processing,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086;Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081;Department of Nutrition,the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116011;School of Public Health,Hainan Medicine University,Haikou 571199;Department of Toxicology,Key Laboratory of Environmental Health,Ministry of Education,School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院食品加工研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学教研室,哈尔滨150081 [3]大连医科大学附属第一医院营养科,大连116011 [4]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海口571199 [5]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院环境与健康研究平台毒理学教研室,武汉430030

出　　处：《营养学报》2021年第1期16-21,共6页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81872616);黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(No.LBH-Z14188)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国东北某贫困县居民营养摄入情况及膳食结构。方法采用分层多阶段整群抽样法,调查某贫困县18岁及以上居民过去1年内各类食物的消费情况。膳食调查借助网络平台采用FFQ法调查各类食物中代表食物的消费量,根据《中国食物成分表》,计算每日营养素摄入量,膳食结构与营养素摄入分别参照《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)》进行比较分析。结果该县居民日均谷类、盐摄入量高于指南推荐量,水果类、乳及乳制品、蛋类、水产品摄入量低于指南推荐量。三大产能营养素—脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物的供能比分别为:男性(24.16%、12.75%、64.40%);女性(24.70%、13.05%、65.25%)。居民膳食维生素A、烟酸、维生素E摄入量明显高于推荐摄入量(RNI)/适宜摄入量(AI)。膳食维生素B1、B2、B6、叶酸及女性居民维生素C摄入量明显低于推荐摄入量(RNI)。膳食钙、硒及女性膳食钾摄入量均明显低于推荐摄入量(RNI)/适宜摄入量(AI)。膳食磷、钠、镁、铁、铜、锰摄入量及女性锌摄入量和男性钾摄入量明显高于推荐摄入量(RNI)/适宜摄入量(AI)。结论该地区居民膳食结构不合理,建议减少谷类、盐的摄入,适量增加蔬果类、大豆类、乳类、蛋类、水产品的摄入,还需要相关部门有针对性地制定卫生政策指导居民进行科学合理膳食。[营养学报,2021,43(1):16-21]Objective To investigate the food consumption and nutrient intakes of the residents in an impoverished county in Northeast China.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to analyze the food consumption and nutrient intakes among adult residents.The survey was carried out by online questionnaires.Daily nutrient intakes were calculated according to the"Chinese Food Composition Table".Dietary structure and nutrient intakes were compared with the"Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016)"and"Dietary Nutrient Reference Intakes of Chinese Residents (2013Edition)",respectively.Results The daily dietary intakes of cereals and salt were higher than the dietary reference intakes,while the daily intakes of fruits,milk and dairy products,eggs and aquatic products were lower.The energy contributing ratios of the three major calorigenic nutrients-fat,protein and carbohydrates-were 24.16%,12.75%and 64.40%,respectively for males and 24.70%,13.05%and 65.25%,respectively for females.The intakes of dietary vitamin A,niacin and vitamin E were significantly higher than the recommended intakes,while the intakes of vitamin B1,B2,B6,folic acid and vitamin C for female residents were significantly lower.The dietary intakes of calcium,selenium and potassium for females were significantly lower than the recommended intakes.Dietary intakes of phosphorus,sodium,magnesium,iron,copper,manganese,and zinc for females and intakes of potassium for males were significantly higher than the recommended intakes.Conclusion Residents in this county are facing serious dietary intake problems,such as the coexistence of excess and deficiency,and imbalanced dietary intakes.It is recommended that these residents reduce the intakes of cereals and salt while consuming more vegetables,fruits,soybeans,milk,eggs and aquatic products.It is urgent to formulate relevant health policies to guide residents toward proper diets.[ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2021,43(1):16-21]

关 键 词：贫困居民 膳食 维生素 矿物质 膳食平衡指数得分 

分 类 号：R153[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]