2010—2019年云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis on foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Yunnan Province from 2010-2019

作　　者：杨彦玲[1] 李娟娟[1] 余思洋[1] 赵江[1] 陈留萍[1] 苏玮玮[1] 刘志涛[1] YANG Yan-ling;LI Juan-juan;YU Si-yang;ZHAO Jiang;CHEN Liu-ping;SU Wei-wei;LIU Zhi-tao(Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming Yunnan,650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生所,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第8期1061-1065,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解2010—2019年云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件的流行规律及特点,为学校食源性疾病暴发事件的预防和控制提供依据。方法收集2010—2019年云南省食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的学校食源性疾病暴发事件的资料进行统计分析。结果 2010—2019年云南省共报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件224起,发病6 115例,死亡2例;年均罹患率为7.96%,各年罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)趋势=3 244.44,P<0.01)。有毒植物毒素引起的暴发事件数最多,占总事件数的54.91%;死亡事件均由化学性因素引起。农村中、小学校是食源性疾病事件的高发场所,3和11月份是高发月份;城市和农村学校食源性疾病暴发事件数和发病病例数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。加工不当和误食误用是引起校园食源性疾病暴发事件的主要环节。结论重点加强中小学校食源性疾病防控的宣传教育工作,尤其是有毒植物的宣传教育;加强对农村地区学校食堂的管理和监督,规范从业人员,建立对餐饮业有效的监管机制,最大限度地降低学生食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。Objective To explore epidemiological laws and characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools of Yunnan Province from 2010-2019,provide evidences for prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools. Methods Data on foodborne disease outbreaks in schools reported between 2010 and 2019 in Yunnan Province were extracted from the foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system,and were analyzed. Results A total of 224 foodborne disease outbreaks in schools were reported in Yunnan Province from 2010-2019,involving 6 115 cases and 2 deaths. The average annual attack rate was 7.96%,and the difference was statistically significant among different years (χ^(2)trend=3 244.44,P<0.01 ). The number of outbreaks caused by toxic plant toxins was the largest,accounting for 54.91% of the total.All deaths were caused by chemical factors. Rural secondary and primary schools had a high incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks. The peak season appeared March and November. There were statistically significant differences in the number of foodborne disease outbreaks and the number of cases between urban and rural schools(all P<0.01). Improper processing and misuse of food were the main links that cause foodborne disease outbreaks on campus. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of foodborne disease prevention and control in primary and secondary schools,especially the publicity and education of poisonous plants,enhance the the management and supervision of school canteens in rural areas,standardize the employees,establish an effective supervision mechanism for catering industry,and minimize the occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks among students.

关 键 词：食源性疾病 暴发 学校 监测 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]