中国典型陆地生态系统波文比特征及影响因素  

Characteristics and influencing factors of Bowen ratio variation in typical terrestrial ecosystems in China

作　　者：黄松宇 贾昕[1,2,3] 郑甲佳 杨睿智 牟钰 袁和第 HUANG Song-Yu;JIA Xin;ZHENG Jia-Jia;YANG Rui-Zhi;MU Yu;YUAN He-Di(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Yanchi Ecology Research Station of MU US Desert,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2021年第2期119-130,共12页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31670708、31670710和31901366);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2015ZCQ-SB-02)。

摘　　要：波文比(β)是陆面过程中的重要参数,影响着地表和大气间的能量交换,明确β的空间变异规律和影响因素有助于对地表能量平衡和气候间反馈关系的预测。该研究收集了在中国不同生态系统类型开展的用涡度相关法(EC)测量地表能量平衡的公开发表文献,构建了β和气象环境因子数据库,分析了β在生态系统之间的差异、空间变异特征及影响因素。主要结果:(1)所有生态系统β平均值为0.95±0.64,变异系数67%,偏度1.58,峰度3.07,整体服从对数正态分布,β平均值最高为灌木生态系统(1.26),最低为湿地生态系统(0.49)。(2)β在生态系统类型间差异显著:森林和湿地生态系统β无显著差异,灌木生态系统β>草地生态系统β>森林和湿地生态系统β,农田生态系统β介于草地生态系统与森林和湿地生态系统之间。(3)β随着纬度的增加而增加,不随经度和海拔变化。纬度每增加1°,β增加0.038。(4)β随着年降水量(MAP)、年平均气温(MAT)、净辐射(R_(n))、当年降水量(PPT)、当年平均气温(T_(a))和叶面积指数(LAI)的增加而降低。(5)不同生态系统中β对生物和非生物因素的响应存在显著差异:草地、森林和灌木生态系统的β对生物和非生物因素变化较为敏感,而农田和湿地生态系统的β与所有生物和非生物因素均无显著相关关系。(6)MAP和R_(n)是β变化的直接影响因素,LAI通过影响R_(n)间接影响β。结果表明了植被类型与气候因素之间具有交互作用,能量分配最主要的影响因素是降水,叶面积对能量分配的调节作用并不显著。Aims Bowen ratio(β)is an important parameter in land-surface processes.It affects the energy exchange between the surface and the atmosphere.This paper used integrated analyses to investigate the spatial variability and influencing factors ofβ.Methods We collected the published literature on the measurement of surface energy balance by the Eddy Covariance(EC)method carried out in different ecosystem types in China,constructed the database ofβand meteorological environment factors and analyzed the difference ofβamong ecosystems,the spatial variation characteristics ofβand its influencing factors.Important findings(1)The variation ofβfollows a lognormal distribution.The averageβin all ecosystems was 0.95±0.64,the coefficient of variation ofβwas 67%,the skewness was 1.58,and the kurtosis was 3.07.The shrub ecosystem has the highest mean value(1.26)and the wetland ecosystem has the lowest(0.49).(2)βis significantly different among ecosystems:βof shrub ecosystems is significantly higher than those in grassland,forest and wetland ecosystems,andβof croplands is between grassland ecosystems and forest with wetland ecosystems.(3)βincreases with increasing latitude and does not change with longitude and altitude.For every 1°increase in latitude,βincreases by 0.038.(4)βdecreases with increase in mean annual precipitation(MAP),mean annual temperature(MAT),net radiation(R_(n)),precipitation of the studied year(PPT),mean temperature of the studied year(T_(a)),and leaf area index(LAI).(5)There are significant differences in the response ofβto biotic and abiotic factors in different ecosystems:βof grassland,forest and shrub ecosystems are sensitive to changes in biotic and abiotic factors,whileβof croplands and wetland ecosystems have no correlations with biotic and abiotic factors.(6)MAP and R_(n) are the direct factors influencingβ.MAT affectsβindirectly by affecting MAP,Rn and LAI.LAI affectsβindirectly by affecting R_(n).Our results indicate significant effect of the interaction between vegetation types

关 键 词：波文比 潜热通量 显热通量 生态系统 能量分配 气候 叶面积指数 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]