小学生空间观念:内涵、价值及表现形式  

The Connotation,Significance and Expression Form of Spatial Sense for Primary School Students

作　　者：宋乃庆[1,2,3] 王诗梦 罗士琰[2,3] SONG Naiqing;WANG Shimeng;LUO Shiyan(School of Mathematics and Statistics,Southwest University;Research Center for Basic Education,Southwest University;Southwest University Branch Center,National Innovation Center for Asessent of Basic Education Quality,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学数学与统计学院 [2]西南大学基础教育研究中心 [3]中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心西南大学分中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2021年第6期44-54,共11页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家基础教育质量监测与评价体系研究”(编号:19ZDA359)。

摘　　要：空间观念是义务教育阶段数学学科十大核心概念之一,是培养学生空间想象力的基础,对发展学生创新能力具有重要作用。基于以往空间观念的相关研究,同时结合《义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版)》的要求和专家访谈结果,探寻小学生空间观念的内涵和特点,明确小学生空间观念的价值,并确立小学生空间观念的表现形式。空间观念是个体对头脑中关于现实世界实物表象的信息加工,对表象中物体的形状、大小、位置关系等数学性质进行理解分析和归纳总结,在此过程中形成对几何图形与物体相关数学性质的识别、理解、判断和重现的能力。空间观念是数学教育培养目标的必要成分,是培养学生的空间想象力的重要基础,是学生创新能力发挥作用的基本条件。空间观念的表现形式包含形状识别、运动变换、方位距离、几何度量、图形绘制五个维度。调研结果表明,研究所陈述的表现形式得到专家的一致认可。The spatial sense is one of the ten core concepts of mathematics in compulsory education,which is the basis of cultivating students’spatial imagination and plays an important role in the development of students’innovative ability.Based on previous studies about the spatial sense and referring to the Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standard(2011 Edition)and the results of experts’interview,the research obtains the connotation and characteristics of spatial sense of primary school students,clarifies the value of spatial sense of primary school students,and establishes the expression forms of spatial sense of primary school students.The spatial sense is to process the information about the physical appearance of the real world,to understand,analyze and summarize the mathematical properties of the shape,size and position relationship of the objects in the appearance,and to form the ability to identify,understand,judge and reproduce the related mathematical properties of the geometry and the objects.The spatial sense is the necessary component of the cultivation goal of mathematics education,the important foundation of cultivating space imagination,and the basic condition for the function of innovation ability.The expression forms of spatial sense include five dimensions:shape recognition,motion transformation,position and distance,geometric measurement and graphic drawing.The investigation indicates that the expression forms of spatial sense are unanimously endorsed by experts.

关 键 词：小学生 空间观念 内涵 特点 价值 表现形式 

分 类 号：G623.5[文化科学—教育学]