油茶籽微波真空干燥特性  

Microwave vacuum drying characteristics of oil camellia seed

作　　者：汤小红[1] 李程懿 黄丹 徐玉恒 张宏 龚永健 TANG Xiaohong;LI Chengyi;HUANG Dan;XU Yuheng;ZHANG Hong;GONG Yongjian(Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2021年第6期139-146,166,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：湖南省林业科学技术计划项目(XLK201732);湖南省重点研发项目(2018NK2066);湖南省教育厅项目(18B185)。

摘　　要：【目的】为将微波真空干燥应用到油茶籽干燥中提供理论依据,丰富油茶籽的干燥方式。【方法】以中南林业科技大学望城区雪峰山油茶基地所采油茶果为研究对象,采用正交实验法研究了油茶籽的微波真空干燥特性,探讨了微波功率、真空度和加载量对油茶籽微波真空干燥曲线和能耗的影响,并分析了不同干燥方式(热风干燥、微波间歇干燥、微波真空干燥)的效率差异。【结果】1)随着微波功率和真空度的增加及加载量的减少,油茶籽的干燥速度增加,干燥时间缩短。其中真空度对干燥速率、能耗的影响最大,微波功率和加载量次之。2)无论参数如何变化,油茶籽的微波真空干燥速率曲线都可分为加速干燥阶段、恒速干燥阶段和减速干燥阶段。加速干燥阶段,油茶籽干燥速度不断增加;恒速干燥阶段,油茶籽干燥速度变化较小;减速干燥阶段,油茶籽的干燥速度逐渐减小。3)热风干燥所需的时间最长,是微波真空干燥时间的4~32倍,且热风干燥的速度曲线只有加速干燥阶段和减速干燥阶段,没有恒速干燥阶段。微波间歇干燥的时间为微波真空干燥的3倍,但其干燥速度曲线波动较大。【结论】微波真空干燥具有速度快、能耗低和效果稳定等优点,微波真空干燥在油茶籽干燥领域具有广阔的应用前景。【Objective】To provide theoretical basis for the application of microwave vacuum drying to oil and tea seed drying,and to enrich the drying method of oil and tea seed.【Method】Xuefeng mountain at Central South University of Forestry&Technology city camellia base oil tea fruit as the research object,by using orthogonal experiment method to study the microwave vacuum drying characteristic of tea seed,microwave power,vacuum degree and loading on tea seed microwave vacuum drying curve and the impact of energy consumption,and analyzes the different drying methods(hot air drying and intermittent microwave drying,microwave vacuum drying),the drying efficiency of the difference.【Result】1)With the increase of microwave power and vacuum degree and the decrease of loading,the drying speed of oil and tea seeds increased rapidly and the drying time shortened.Among them,vacuum degree has the greatest influence on drying rate and energy consumption,followed by microwave power and loading.2)No matter how the parameters change,the microwave vacuum drying rate curve of oil tea seeds can be divided into accelerated drying stage,constant speed drying stage and decelerated drying stage.During the accelerated drying stage,the drying rate of camellia oil seed increased continuously.In the constant speed drying stage,the drying speed of camellia seeds changed little.During the decelerating drying stage,the drying rate of camellia oil seed gradually decreased.3)The drying time required by hot air drying is the longest,4-32 times the drying time of microwave vacuum drying.Moreover,the drying speed curve of hot air drying is only accelerated drying stage and decelerated drying stage,without constant drying stage.The drying time of microwave intermittent drying is 3 times that of microwave vacuum drying,but its drying speed curve fluctuates greatly.【Conclusion】Microwave vacuum drying has the advantages of fast drying speed,low drying energy consumption and stable drying effect.Microwave vacuum drying has broad application pros

关 键 词：油茶籽 微波真空干燥 干燥特性 正交试验 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]