广西居民重金属镉膳食摄入水平及其健康风险评估  

Risk assessment on the dietary exposure of cadmium in Guangxi residents

作　　者：蒋玉艳[1] 马宁 蒙浩洋[1] 石萌萌[1] 赵鹏[1] JIANG Yuyan;MA Ning;MENG Haoyang;SHI Mengmeng;ZHAO Peng(Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangxi Nanning 530028,China;China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028 [2]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2021年第2期191-195,共5页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2017068);广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会科研课题(Z2019191)。

摘　　要：目的分析食品中镉的污染水平,对广西居民主要膳食中镉的健康风险进行评估。方法对2013—2018年39类食品中的镉含量进行统计分析,结合居民食物消费数据,参考镉的暂定每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI),采用简单分布评估法对广西居民主要膳食中镉的暴露进行评估。结果39类食品中镉的平均含量为0.086 mg/kg,检出率和超标率分别为67.37%(17025/25271)和5.68%(1435/25271)。藻类食品中镉的平均含量最高,为0.769 mg/kg。大米是居民膳食中镉的主要来源,贡献率为52.57%。居民膳食中镉的月平均摄入量为30.62μg/kg BW,为PTMI的122.48%。结论广西居民膳食中镉的暴露水平较高,应引起重视。大米是南方地区的主粮且其对居民膳食中镉贡献率最高,应加强对大米镉污染从农田到餐桌全环节的研究,从源头控制污染。Objective To analyze the cadmium level in main food,and assess the risk of dietary exposure of residents in Guangxi.Methods The cadmium content in 39 kinds of food was analyzed statistically from 2013 to 2018.The cadmium exposure was estimated by combining the concentration of cadmium in foods with food consumption data.According to provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI),the health risk was assessed by simple distribution model.Results The average content of cadmium in 39 kinds of food was 0.086 mg/kg.The total detection rate and violation rate were 67.37%(17025/25271)and 5.68%(1435/25271),respectively.The average content of cadmium in algae food was 0.769 mg/kg,which was the highest among the 39 food groups being tested.The main source of cadmium exposure was rice,which contributed 52.57%to the total dietary cadmium exposure.The monthly average cadmium exposure of residents in Guangxi was 30.62μg/kg BW,accounted for 122.48%of PTMI.Conclusion The average dietary cadmium exposure was higher than PTMI and should be paid more attention to.Rice is the main grain in southern China and has high contribution to dietary cadmium exposure of residents.It is necessary to strengthen the research on cadmium pollution of rice from farm to plate and control the source of pollution.

关 键 词：风险评估 镉 食品污染物 膳食暴露 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]