光遗传学技术治疗视网膜退行性病变的应用进展  

Advances in the application of optogenetic in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases

作　　者：陈飞[1] 沈吟[1] Chen Fei;Shen Yin(Eye Center,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院眼科中心,430060

出　　处：《中华眼底病杂志》2021年第6期483-487,共5页Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2017YFE0103400)。

摘　　要：视网膜退行性病变是由于视网膜色素上皮细胞及光感受器细胞功能改变所致的致盲性眼病。干细胞移植、基因治疗、视网膜假体植入等新生物学技术在视网膜退行性病变患者视觉功能恢复上已经取得巨大的进步,但目前仍然面临许多困难。光遗传学是一种将光学、生理学和遗传学结合的交叉学科的新技术,可将光敏蛋白表达在视网膜退行性病变的视网膜神经元上,利用光刺激表达光敏蛋白的细胞,通过产生去极化或超极化反应,使其重获感光能力。相较于干细胞移植治疗的免疫排斥、基因治疗的个体化差异及视网膜假体植入的创伤性大等局限,光遗传学技术具有显著优势,同时也亟待解决时空分辨率低和光敏感性不足的问题。随着光遗传学技术的逐步发展,其必然和其他领域形成更深层次地交叉、融合,从而有助于视网膜退行性病变患者视觉功能的恢复。Retinal degeneration is a blind eye disease caused by changes in the function of retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells.Stem cell transplantation,gene therapy,retinal prosthesis implantation and other new biological technologies have made great progress in the restoration of visual function,but they still face many difficulties.Optogenetic is a new interdisciplinary technology that combines optics,physiology and genetics.It can express photosensitive proteins on retinal neurons in retinal degeneration.The light stimulation causing depolarization or hyperpolarization reaction of cells that expressed photosensitive proteins to gain light sensitivity.Compared with the immune rejection of stem cell therapy,the greater individualization of gene therapy and the greater traumatic nature of retinal prosthesis implantation,optogenetic technology has significant advantages,and it is also urgent to solve the problems of low spatial and temporal resolution and light sensitivity.With the gradual development of optogenetics technology,it is bound to form a deeper level of cross and fusion with other fields,so as to contribute to the recovery of visual function of patients with retinal degeneration.

关 键 词：假体植入 光感受器细胞 视网膜色素上皮细胞 视觉功能 生物学技术 干细胞移植 光敏感性 免疫排斥 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]