南宁市膳食镉污染现状及健康风险评估  

Cadmium contamination in foods and health risk assessment in Nanning City

作　　者：欧嵩凤 范云燕[1] 唐琼[1] 陆日贵[1] 张海霞[1] 蒙舒婷 庞洁[1] OU Song-feng;FAN Yun-yan;TANG Qiong;LU Ri-gui;ZHANG Hai-xia;MENG Shu-ting;PANG Jie(Physical and Che mical Laboratory,Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning Guangui,530023,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁市疾病预防控制中心理化检验科,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第9期1193-1196,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹科研项目(Z20200237)。

摘　　要：目的了解广西南宁市主要食品中镉(Cd)污染现状,评估膳食Cd暴露对当地居民造成的健康风险。方法对2013—2019年期间采集的南宁市12类市售食品进行Cd含量检测,运用美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的健康风险模型评估居民膳食Cd暴露的健康风险。结果 2 533份食品中Cd总检出率为67.55%,其中大米、其他谷类、豆类、薯类、肉类、水产类、蔬菜类及水果类食品中均可检出超标样品,大米的检出率和超标率最高,分别为95.81%和19.85%;水产类中Cd平均含量最高,为234.00μg/kg。按平均暴露水平和高端暴露水平,Cd的日均暴露贡献率居前3位的为大米、水产类和蔬菜类,占总暴露量的81.97%。风险评估结果显示,按平均暴露水平经单一膳食途径暴露于Cd的非致癌与个人年均致癌风险均低于US EPA推荐的限值,但总非致癌风险为1.239,具有一定的潜在非致癌风险。总个人年均致癌风险为9.904×10-5/a,低于1.000×10-4/a,属于人类可接受范围。按高端暴露水平经膳食暴露Cd的总非致癌和总个人年均致癌风险分别为3.222×10-4/a和2.575×10-4/a,超出US EPA推荐的限值。结论南宁市市售食品中Cd污染较普遍,大米、蔬菜和水产类是Cd暴露的主要食品,按高端暴露水平经膳食暴露于Cd存在一定的潜在健康风险,应加强市售食品Cd监测,控制污染。Objective To understand the cadmium(Cd) contamination in main foods in Nanning City of Guangxi,assess the health risks of dietary Cd exposure to local residents. Methods The contents of Cd in 12 kinds of commercial foods which were sampled in Nanning City from 2013-2019 were tested,and the health risk model recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA) was used to assess the health risk of dietary Cd exposure in residents. Results The total detection rate of Cd in 2 533 food samples was 67.55%,among which the over-standard samples were found in rice,other cereals,beans,potatoes,meat,aquatic products,vegetables and fruits. The detection rate and over-standard rate of rice were the highest,which was 95.81% and19.85%,respectively. The average content of Cd in aquatic food was the highest at 234.00 μg/kg. According to the average consumption level and high-end consumption level,the top three contributing factors of daily exposure to Cd were rice,aquatic products and vegetables,accounting for 81.97% of total exposure. The results of risk assessment showed that both the noncarcinogenic and the average annual carcinogenic risk of individuals exposed to Cd through single dietary were lower than the limits recommended by US EPA,but the total non-carcinogenic risk was 1.239,showing there was a potential non-carcinogenic risk. The individual total average annual cancer risk was 9.904×10-5/a,lower than 1.000×10-4/a,which is acceptable to human. For the high-end consumption level,the the non-carcinogenic and the average annual carcinogenic risk of individuals exposed to Cd through dietary was 3.222×10-4/a and 2.575×10-4/a respectively,both exceeding the limits recommended by US EPA. Conclusion Cd pollution is common in the commercially available food in Nanning City. Rice,vegetables and aquatic products are the main food of Cd exposure. There is a certain potential health risk of exposure to Cd through diet according to high-end consumption level,so the monitoring of Cd in commercially available food should b

关 键 词：主要食品 镉污染 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.33[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]