“天问一号”探测器舱体抛离试验系统设计与验证  

Design and Verification of Tianwen-1 Probe Cabin Separation Test System

作　　者：冯伟[1,2] 易旺民 杨旺[1] 李群智 侯森浩 郑圣余[1,2] 孟凡伟 FENG Wei;YI Wangmin;YANG Wang;LI Qunzhi;HOU Senhao;ZHENG Shengyu;MENG Fanwei(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of the Intelligent Assembly Technology and Equipment for Aerospace Product,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [2]北京市航天产品智能装配技术与装备工程技术研究中心,北京100094 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [4]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2021年第3期23-31,共9页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家重大科技专项工程。

摘　　要：火星探测器防热大底和背罩的高速抛离是进入、下降、着陆过程中的关键环节之一,需在地面开展有效的试验验证。文章针对抛防热大底、抛背罩地面试验中高速度、高加速度跟随和空间力、力矩耦合施加问题,提出了采用电机驱动的主动式分离方案和空间力、力矩的耦合控制方法,设计了试验系统并建立了动力学模型,分别开展了仿真和试验验证。试验结果表明,大底和背罩分离过程中的受力状态得到准确施加,且与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了分离方案的可行性。该试验方法有效验证了火星探测器大底和背罩抛离过程的机械安全性,也为其他航天器的分离试验提供了有益参考。The high-speed separation of the heatshield and the aeroshell in the process of Tianwen-1 Mars probe entering,lowering and landing(EDL)should be tested and verified on the ground.For high-speed and high acceleration following,and coupling the spatial force and torque to compose in separation test,the active separation scheme driven by motor and the control method of spring force limiting and torque moment are put forward in this paper.The test system and its dynamic model are established,and the experimental verification is carried out.The test results show that the force state is applied accurately in the separation process of the heatshield and aeroshell,and the results are basically consistent with the simulation results.This test method effectively verifies the mechanical safety of the separation process of the Mars probe's heatshield and aeroshell,and also provides a useful reference for the separation test of other spacecraft.

关 键 词：分离试验 电机驱动 绳索提升 防热大底 背罩 火星探测器 天问一号 

分 类 号：V416.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]