人类情绪发展认知神经科学:面向未来心理健康与教育  

Human developmental cognitive and affective neuroscience:future-oriented mental health and education

作　　者：徐家华 周莹[3] 罗文波 罗跃嘉[1] 秦绍正 XU JiaHua;ZHOU Ying;LUO WenBo;LUO YueJia;QIN ShaoZheng(State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition,School of Psychology,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院,北京100875 [3]首都师范大学心理学系,学习与认知北京市重点实验室,北京100048 [4]辽宁师范大学,脑与认知神经科学研究中心,大连116029

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2021年第6期663-678,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然基金(批准号:31530031,31522028,81571056);中国科学技术协会学科发展项目(批准号:2018XKFZ03)资助。

摘　　要：人类情绪发展认知神经科学,主要研究情绪与认知发展以及脑发育之间的关系.其中,儿童青少期既是脑智发育与情绪认知发展的重要黄金期,又是情绪问题及相关障碍的首发敏感期,容易受到遗传与环境风险因素的交互影响.近年来,情绪认知神经科学的兴起和发展,特别是无创脑功能成像、传统发展心理、生理心理和行为遗传学等技术方法的融合,为解析人类情绪发展的认知神经机制带来新的变革,也为理解情绪相关障碍的产生机制,及其早期鉴别、诊断与干预提供了科学依据.本文从情绪发展认知神经科学角度,系统梳理了情绪毕生发展的研究进展,具体包括情绪相关神经系统的发育及影响因素,可以追溯至个体生命早期,并受到遗传与环境的交互影响.出生后,婴幼儿期情绪功能不断分化并呈现多元化发展特点,包括复杂高级情绪的不断产生、从外化到内化情绪体验以及情绪表达和调节能力增强;青少年期出现生理激素变化与脑发育重塑;成年期情绪系统发育逐渐稳定,但仍会受到个体生理心理变化的影响;进入老年期,随着脑认知功能逐步衰退和老化,情绪调控功能衰退随之显现.最后,结合国家和社会对精神健康的迫切需求和现代生物-心理-社会医学模式,展望了该领域对未来心理健康与教育的深远影响.Human emotion and emotional behaviors emerge at early stages in development through interactions with the environment.Yet,the neural mechanisms underlying how we learn about and learn to regulate emotions,and how they unfold over development,still remain largely elusive.Advances in the newly emerging field of developmental cognitive and affective neuroscience have moved toward a multi-disciplinary approach,by integrating non-invasive neuroimaging,developmental psychology,psychophysiology and computational modeling techniques.Such multi-disciplinary approach represents the new frontier in the fields of human cognitive and affective neuroscience,and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the complex neural mechanisms underlying both typical and atypical development of human emotion and related behaviors.Recent researches in cognitive neuroscience of human emotion and emotional development have made it possible to synthesize these findings.In this review,we summarized recent advances and proposed a model to explain how various risk factors affected emotional brain systems and networks across life span mainly from childhood through adolescence into adulthood,and why different affective disorders emerged in individuals at different times in their lives.Given that emotion-related mental illness such as anxiety and depression is global,pervasive and rapidly increasing in our contemporary society,we also discussed the future directions in developmental cognitive and affective neuroscience in the context of mental health and education.Altogether,understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying human emotion and related(mal)adaptive behaviors has the potential to remedy emotion-related maladaptation,promote mental health,and optimize education programs.

关 键 词：情绪 心理发展 认知神经科学 脑发育 毕生发展 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]