基于贵州猕猴桃花粉机械分离的冷冻方法研究  

Research on freezing method based on Guizhou Kiwi pollen mechanical separation

作　　者：吉旭 吴荻 林蜀云 唐勇 张太华[1] 徐卫平[1] Ji Xu;Wu Di;Lin Shuyun;Tang Yong;Zhang Taihua;Xu Weiping(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550025,China;Guizhou Institute of Mountain Agricultural Machinery,Guiyang,550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学机械与电气工程学院,贵阳市550025 [2]贵州省山地农业机械研究所,贵阳市550000

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2021年第6期79-85,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71761007);贵州师范大学博士科研启动项目(11904/0520107);贵州省研究生教育创新计划(黔教合YJSCXJH〔2020〕105)。

摘　　要：针对现有某款猕猴桃花粉分离机在贵州地区使用时存在花粉粘接,且不能有效实现分离等问题,提出一种基于半导体制冷原理解决花粉分离问题的方法。通过建立花粉分离前的冷冻模型,并用COMSOL对冷冻模型进行温度场仿真。通过仿真分析制冷片在不同位置时冷冻箱温度场的均匀性,确定在空载C时箱内的温度场最适于花粉分离前的冰冻。并将此结果应用到实际猕猴桃花粉分离。仿真结果显示:冰冻箱能快速实现温度从293~258 K间的变化,满足实际生产要求,且温度场均匀性明显提高。猕猴桃花冷冻分离试验结果表明:在-21℃下冷冻后的分离效果和花粉出粉率均高于未冷冻和-18℃下冷冻后的分离和提纯结果;在-21℃下冷冻后的花粉出粉率是3.9‰,与人工分离提取的花粉量相近,实现猕猴桃花粉的高效分离和提取。Aiming at the problem that some current kiwi pollen separators have,such as pollen bonding when they are used in Guizhou that cannot be effectively separated,the article proposes a method to solve the problem of pollen separation based on the principle of semiconductor refrigeration.The freezing model before pollen separation was established,and COMSOL was used to simulate the temperature field of the freezing model.Through the simulation analysis of the uniformity of the temperature field of the freezer when the cooling fins are in different positions,it is determined that the temperature field in the box is the most suitable for freezing before pollen separation when the C is empty.The result was applied to actual kiwi pollen separation.The simulation results show that the freezing box can quickly realize the temperature change from 293 K to 258 K,which meets the actual production requirements;thus,the uniformity of the temperature field is significantly improved.The results of the freezing separation test of kiwi flowers showed that the separation effect and pollen extraction rate after freezing at-21℃were higher than the separation and purification results of unfrozen and frozen at-18℃.When pollen is frozen at-21℃,the powder extraction rate is 3.9‰,which is similar to the amount of pollen extracted by manual separation,thus,realizing the efficient separation and extraction of Kiwi fruit pollen.

关 键 词：半导体制冷 猕猴桃花粉分离 COMSOL 温度场 分离效率 出粉率 

分 类 号：TB657[一般工业技术—制冷工程]