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作 者:程方平 CHENG Fangping(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)
出 处:《教育与教学研究》2021年第7期7-18,共12页Education and Teaching Research
摘 要:通过受教育走向成功是所有学习者的愿望,但仅从成功的角度研究实践是有明显局限性的。长期以来,因忽略学习者之间的差异,并错把少数人成功的案例当作能放之四海而皆准的“科学规律”,不仅使当下的教育难以跳出“精英教育”的窠臼,还使很多的教育者、家长陷入困惑和无奈。为了使当下和未来的教育走出困境,真正办成使所有人受益、人民满意的教育,对于“教育失败”的研究和实践极为重要、势在必行。加强“教育失败”的研究,超越“精英教育”的局限和束缚,除了在具体的教育教学方面加强调查和研究外,思想观念层面、制度管理层面、方法标准层面、考试评价层面、消费引导层面、心理调整层面等的问题更需关注。要使教育者和受教育者都意识到,智慧者应以失败为重要的资源、资本,并能据此找到正确思维、判断、行动的方法与思路。只有各级各类教育和全社会都能有意识地研究“教育失败”的问题,才能有利于教育问题的解决、教育现状的改善和教育质量的提升。文章在呼吁加强“教育失败”角度研究的基础上,也试图对“失败教育研究”的细化和展开提供一些初步的和不成熟的想法。It is the desire of all learners to achieve success through education,but there are obvious limitations in studying practice only from the perspective of success.For a long time, because of ignoring the differences among learners and mistaking the successful cases of a few people as the universal “scientific law”,it is not only difficult for the current education to break out of the mold of “elite education”,but also makes many educators and parents into confusion and helplessness.In order to make the present and future education get out of the dilemma,and to really carry out the education that benefits all people and satisfies the people,it is very important and imperative to research and practice “educational failure”.To strengthen the research of “educational failure” and transcend the limitation and shackles of “elite education”,in addition to strengthen the investigation and research in the specific education and teaching aspects,more attention should be paid to the aspects of ideology,system management,method and standard,examination and evaluation,consumption guidance,psychological adjustment and so on.Both the educators and the educatees should be aware that a wise person should take failure as an important resource and capital,and be able to find correct methods and ideas for thinking,judging and acting accordingly.Only when education at all levels and the whole society can consciously study the problem of “educational failure”,can it be conducive to the solution of educational problems,the improvement of educational status quo and the promotion of educational quality.On the basis of calling for strengthening the research on “educational failure”,this paper also tries to provide some preliminary and immature ideas on the elaboration and development of “educational failure research”.
关 键 词:失败教育 “教育失败” 学习失败 精英教育 教育均衡
分 类 号:G40-03[文化科学—教育学原理]
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