如何走出人工智能教育风险的困局:现象、成因及应对  

How to Get Out of the Dilemma of Artificial Intelligence Education Risk:Phenomenon,Causes and Countermeasures

作　　者：李世瑾 胡艺龄[1] 顾小清[1] LI Shijin;HU Yiling;GU Xiaoqing(Department of Education Information Technology,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育信息技术学系,上海200062

出　　处：《电化教育研究》2021年第7期19-25,共7页E-education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2019年度重大项目“人工智能促进未来教育发展研究”(项目编号:19ZDA364)。

摘　　要：对新兴技术应用的追问从来都是停留在技术中性论层面。教育创新虽需技术支持,但不能只是管中窥豹,必须采用前瞻目光澄清模糊认识和错误做法,主动走出技术应用的风险困局。为推进智能教育生态的健康发展,本研究从管控视角廓清了四类典型现象:忽视智能技术还原教育世界的本体风险、遮蔽智能技术表征教育生态的认识风险、轻视智能技术违背教育初心的价值风险、滥用智能技术导致教育治理的伦理风险。研究发现,风险成因关键在于:过度掩盖技术应用的内生复杂性机理,尚未厘清技术介入教育生态的普遍性规律;盲目弱化技术重塑教育的脆弱性机理,滋生技术介入教育生态的负向效应;高度忽视教育生态的测不准性机理,缺少风险治理的科学方法与适切路径。鉴于此,提出应对智能教育风险的关键出路:共创复杂性治理范式,揭示教育生态的内生规律;厘清主体的协同机制,提升教育生态的抗逆基因;构建多元创新方法论,适应教育生态的动态平衡。The questioning of the application of emerging technologies is always at the level of technological neutrality.Although educational innovation needs technical support,it is necessary to adopt a forward-looking perspective to clarify ambiguous perceptions and wrong practices,and take the initiative to get out of the risk dilemma of technology application.In order to promote the healthy development of intelligent education ecology,this paper clarifies four types of typical phenomena from the perspective of management and control:the ontological risk of ignoring intelligent technology to restore the educational world;the cognitive risk of shadowing intelligent technology to represent the education ecology;the value risk of ignoring intelligent technology against the original intention of education;the ethical risks of abusing intelligent technology in educational governance.This paper finds that the key causes of risk are:over-covering the endogenous complexity mechanism of technology application,not yet clarifying universal law of technology intervention in educational ecology;blindly weakening the vulnerability mechanism of technology reshaping education and breeding the negative effect of technology intervention in education ecology;highly ignoring the uncertainty mechanism of educational ecology and lacking scientific methods and appropriate paths of risk management.In view of this,the key ways to deal with the risks of intelligent education are proposed:co-create a complex governance paradigm to reveal the endogenous laws of the education ecology;clarify the synergistic mechanism of the subjects to enhance the resilience genes of the education ecology;build a diversified innovation methodology to adapt to the dynamic balance of the education ecology.

关 键 词：人工智能 教育应用 生态风险 内生机理 因应策略 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]