无机化学教学中“原子结构”内容怎样突破重点和难点  

How to Break Through the Key and Difficult Points in Inorganic Chemistry Teaching Content for“Atomic Structure”

作　　者：刘志宏[1] 胡满成[1] 高胜利 LIU Zhi-Hong;HU Man-Cheng;GAO Sheng-Li(School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学化学化工学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2021年第12期23-29,共7页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：陕西师范大学2019年度课堂教学模式创新研究重点项目;2020年度一流本科课程建设项目。

摘　　要：基于对"原子结构"内容的科学界定,认为章节定名为"原子与原子结构"较为合理,讲授内容应包含原子的结构和性质、原子结构模型的建立和演变、核外电子的排布、原子核结构模型简介和原子结构与元素周期律的关系等5大模块。提出在系统性中突出"玻尔原子模型、核外电子运动状态的描述、4个量子数、核外电子的排布和原子结构与元素周期律的关系"的教学重点;通过提前举办"量子力学基本概念"专题讲座,有利于"量子化的原子结构模型"这一教学难点的突破,并针对每一难点提出了具体的方法措施。提议讲授采用发散思维为主、收敛思维为辅以及有所为有所不为、张弛有度的哲学方法;目的在于通过本章学习后,使学生在获得基础知识的同时,能学到些许科学的思想方法、学习方法和研究方法。Based on the scientific definition of the content of"atomic structure",it is considered reasonable to name the chapter"atom and atomic structure".The teaching contents should include five modules,namely,the structure and properties of atoms,the establishment and evolution of atomic structure model,the arrangement of extranuclear electrons,the introduction of nuclear structure model,and the relationship between atomic structure and periodic law of elements.The teaching key points for"Bohr atom model,description of the motion state of extranuclear electrons,four quantum numbers,the arrangement of extranuclear electrons,and the relationship between atomic structure and periodic law of elements"have been highlighted in the system.The special lecture on"basic concepts of quantum mechanics"held in advance is conducive to the breakthrough of the teaching difficult point of"quantized atomic structure model".For each difficult point,the specific methods and measures are also put forward.It is proposed to give lessons by using the philosophical methods of divergent thinking as the main one and convergent thinking as the subsidiary one,doing something and not doing anything,and balance.The purpose is to enable students to acquire basic knowledge and learn some scientific thinking methods,learning methods and research methods after studying this chapter.

关 键 词：原子结构 量子力学基本概念 重点 难点 发散思维 

分 类 号：O611.2-4[理学—无机化学] G642[理学—化学]