义务教育学校标准化建设的问题及其方法论思考——基于X省三个县(市)的调研  

The Problems and Methodology of the Standardized Construction in Compulsory Education Schools:Based on the investigation of three counties in X Province

作　　者：陈学军 CHEN Xue-jun(School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院教育管理与政策系,南京210097

出　　处：《教育学报》2021年第3期95-106,共12页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“教育高质量发展评价指标体系研究”(项目编号:20JZD053)成果之一。

摘　　要：对于义务教育学校标准化建设聚焦两个问题:一是从“标准建构”与“标准建设”的二维框架看,义务教育学校标准化建设存在哪些问题;二是标准化建设需要坚持何种工作方法论。基于X省三个县(市)的调研发现,办学标准本身存在不相一致、不符实际和不够具体的问题,标准化建设也存在超标与低标不均衡、硬件与软件不协调、配备与维护不一贯、县管与镇管不统一、标准与特色不平衡、手段与目的易混淆等问题。这些发现表明了区分“标准”与“建设”的必要,以及追问“标准的标准”和“建设的方式”的价值。标准化建设工作的优化,须思考更高层次的工作方法论问题。结合科学主义和经验主义工作方法论的优势与不足看,基于实践理性的实事求是方法论更值得坚持。它要求当前的标准化建设,应致力于工作性质的明确、标准尺度的完善、建设策略的转换与推进重点的把握。The research is based on two questions:what problems exist and what work methodology should be adhered to in the standardized construction of compulsory education schools.According to the investigation of three counties,there are inconsistencies,incoherence and insufficiencies in school standards.In the aspect of standardization construction,there exist some problems,such as the coexistence of over standard and low standard,the imbalance between hardware and software,the inconsistency between equipment and maintenance,the lack of unity among different administrational level,the divergence between standardization and characteristic development,and the goal displacement.These findings indicate the need to distinguish between standard and construction.It also shows the value of thinking“standards of standards”and“ways of construction”.For more effective standardization construction,we need to consider the issue of work methodology in higher level.Comparing the scientism and empiricism,the methodology of seeking truth from facts is more worthy to be adhered to.And,the improvement of standardized construction should focus on clarifying the nature of enterprise,the optimization of standard benchmarks,the transformation of construction strategies and the grasp of priorities.

关 键 词：义务教育学校 办学标准 标准化建设 工作方法论 

分 类 号：G47[文化科学—教育学]