查尔斯·艾略特中等教育改革思想与实践研究——中学与大学衔接的视角  

A Study on the Thought and Practice of Charles Eliot’s Secondary Education Reform——Perspectives on the Articulation between High School and University

作　　者：杨帆 YANG Fan(Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《教育学报》2021年第3期193-207,共15页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：全国文化名家暨“四个一批”人才自主选题资助项目《美国教育思想史》(项目编号:110503301)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：查尔斯·艾略特参与了19世纪末20世纪初美国中等教育改革的众多重要组织和活动。领导十人委员会工作是其参与中等教育改革的高潮。艾略特对中学课程设置混乱、教育质量低下、与大学缺乏有效衔接等问题进行了严厉批判,提出了许多切实可行的建议。为推动哈佛大学向现代研究型大学转型招收足够合格生源的现实考量固然是艾略特热心中学改革的动机之一,但更深层次的原因在于其基于民主理想的教育整体观和“教育建构”思想。艾略特将学校教育视为一个相互衔接的完整系统,将教育改革的实质视为一种有机连续的构建民主社会的“教育建构”。其中等教育改革思想中既有“精英取向”的一面,同时也包含“民主取向”的一面。Eliot participated in and led many important organizations and activities in the reform of American secondary education in the late 19th century and early 20th century.Among them,leading the work of the Committee of Ten and drafting the Report of Committee of Ten are the climax of his participation in the secondary education reform.Eliot severely criticized the chaotic curriculum and low quality of secondary schools and the lack of effective articulation between high school and university,and put forward many practical suggestions.It is believed that one of Eliot’s motivation for the reform of high schools is the practical consideration of recruiting enough qualified students for Harvard University and promoting its transformation into a modern research university.But the deeper reason lies in the holistic view of education and the thought of“educational construction”based on the democratic ideal.Eliot regarded school education as a complete system connected with each other and regarded the essence of educational reform as an organic and continuous educational construction to construct a democratic society.His thoughts of secondary education reform include both the aspect of“elitist orientation”and the aspect of“democratic orientation”.

关 键 词：查尔斯·艾略特 美国中等教育改革 教育衔接 公立中学 《十人委员会报告》 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]