新疆贫困地区学前儿童通用语词汇习得状况  

Vocabulary Acquisition of Mandarin among Preschool Children in Xinjiang's Poor Areas

作　　者：尹小荣[1,2] 巴特勒·努尔兰 Yin Xiaorong;Butler Nurlan(Xinjiang Normal University)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学国际文化交流学院 [2]南京大学中国语言战略研究中心

出　　处：《中国语言战略》2021年第1期89-95,共7页China Language Strategies

基　　金：新疆师范大学硕士研究生科研创新项目“新疆农牧民夜校国家通用语言教学现在调查”(编号XSY201901014);新疆师范大学中亚汉语国际教育研究中心招标课题“人类命运共同体视域下的语言规划术语国别研究”(编号:XJNURWJD2019B10)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2018年国家多部委联合发布《推普脱贫攻坚行动计划(2018—2020年)》,重点支持中西部省份各族人民分类开展普通话培训。新疆新建了5000多所幼儿园,但是学前通用语教学的效果及儿童的语言能力仍需深入了解。因此,本文以新疆和田、阿克苏、哈密及伊犁地区国家级贫困县的19个幼儿园的368名维吾尔族和哈萨克族大班学前儿童为研究对象,采用国际通行的皮博迪儿童理解性词汇语义评估工具进行调查。研究发现:学前儿童的词汇发展水平在不同年龄段呈现出显著差异;从词汇习得的宽度来看儿童的概念认知受客观经验的影响,且教学模块分类教学存在一定的缺陷;儿童的语言习得随贫困程度的加深而受到更大的影响。最后研究建议:在语言扶贫的道路上,应该对贫困儿童的通用语教育实行分层干预;不断优化他们的个体语言教育;并且通过打破学科界限来实现核心素养教育。In 2018,multiple national departments jointly issued the action named‘A Plan for eliminating poverty through Mandarin Learning(2018—2020),’focusing on supporting people of all ethnic groups in central and western provinces to conduct training on learning of mandarin.As a result,more than 5,000 kindergartens have been built in Xinjiang.However,the efficiency of language teaching and children's language ability in mandarin still need to be further investigated.Therefore,this paper has a look at the language abilities of 368 Uygur and Kazak preschool children who are from 19 various kindergartens via internationally accepted Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test as an assessment tool.Research spots involved in this paper are some national-level poor counties of Hotan,Aksu,Hami,and Ely areas in Xinjiang.The study found that vocabulary ability of preschool children in mandarin shows significant differences according to their ages as well as children's conceptual cognition is affected by objective experiences.This study also noted that there is still a long way to go before the teaching module and teaching classification strategy on mandarin education become more efficient.Besides,this study can’t neglect the findings that children's language acquisition is influenced dramatically as poverty levels change.At last,actively responding to the call of‘A Plan for eliminating poverty through Mandarin Learning(2018—2020)’,research suggests that hierarchical interventions should be implemented in children's education of mandarin learning.As such,individual language education will be continuously optimized;furthermore,education of core competencies and values should be achieved by breaking disciplinary boundaries.

关 键 词：新疆 贫困地区 学前儿童 词汇习得 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]