当代美德伦理学的缺陷和医德培养的关键  

The Defects in Contemporary Virtue Ethics and the Key to Cultivation of Medical Virtue

作　　者：蔡昱[1] CAI Yu(Financial Research Institute,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China)

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学金融研究院,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2021年第13期8-13,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2016年国家社会科学基金项目(16BZX108)。

摘　　要：当代伦理学的缺陷在复兴的当代美德伦理学上表现为片面性、“自我—他人不对称”、相对主义、缺乏具普遍性的美德依据和践行性的道德实践能力,即“美德”丢失了古代的能力蕴含而仅指品质,从而使美德难以现实化。从“畏死的恐惧”基础上所重塑的道德基础(即生命本真存在方式的需要)出发,对上述问题给予揭示与超越。马克思以彻底的实践哲学和崭新的问题式,即“道德何以现实化”,使道德走出了纯粹的思维性。从“畏死的恐惧”出发可以继承和发展此问题式,将研究拓展到与“道德现实化的内在条件”和“道德现实化的动力、阻力和能力”相关的领域。在此发展的马克思主义道德哲学问题式下,医德教育的关键是培养“超越畏死的恐惧的勇气”。Contemporary virtue ethics shares the common defects in contemporary moral philosophy,including one-sidedness,asymmetry of ego and others,moral relativism,the lack of universal virtue basis,and the absence of capability in moral practice.That is to say,the understanding to"virtue"has lost the referring to capabilities in ancient times,yet only refers to people's good qualities today,therefore makes it harder to realization.Based on the remolded moral foundation from the deepest human nature,namely"the fear of death"as human weakness,this paper reveals and transcends the above problems.With his thorough practical philosophy and its brand-new problematic,that is,"how can morality be realized",Marx brought morality come out of pure thinking.On the theory of"the fear of death",we can inherit and develop the problematic in Marx's moral philosophy,and expand the research to the fields related to"the internal conditions of moral reality"and"the motive force,resistance and the ability of moral reality".From this perspective,the author finds that the key to cultivation of medical virtue is to cultivate the courage to transcend"the fear of death".

关 键 词：美德伦理学 医德的现实化 践行性的道德实践能力 畏死的恐惧 问题式 跨主体性的个体 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]