Diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: Non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk  

作　　者：Nejc Piko Sebastjan Bevc Robert Ekart Tadej Petreski Nina Vodošek Hojs Radovan Hojs 

机构地区：[1]Department of Dialysis,Clinic for Internal Medicine,University Medical Centre Maribor,Maribor 2000,Slovenia [2]Department of Nephrology,Clinic for Internal Medicine,University Medical Centre Maribor,Maribor 2000,Slovenia [3]Medical Faculty,University of Maribor,Maribor 2000,Slovenia

出　　处：《World Journal of Diabetes》2021年第7期975-996,共22页世界糖尿病杂志（英文版）（电子版）

摘　　要：The prevalence and burden of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease on global health and socioeconomic development is already heavy and still rising.Diabetes mellitus by itself is linked to adverse cardiovascular events,and the presence of concomitant chronic kidney disease further amplifies cardiovascular risk.The culmination of traditional(male gender,smoking,advanced age,obesity,arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia)and non-traditional risk factors(anemia,inflammation,proteinuria,volume overload,mineral metabolism abnormalities,oxidative stress,etc.)contributes to advanced atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk.To decrease the morbidity and mortality of these patients due to cardiovascular causes,timely and efficient cardiovascular risk assessment is of huge importance.Cardiovascular risk assessment can be based on laboratory parameters,imaging techniques,arterial stiffness parameters,ankle-brachial index and 24 h blood pressure measurements.Newer methods include epigenetic markers,soluble adhesion molecules,cytokines and markers of oxidative stress.In this review,the authors present several non-invasive methods of cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.

关 键 词：Diabetes mellitus Diabetes complications Chronic kidney disease ATHEROGENESIS ATHEROSCLEROSIS Cardiovascular risk 

分 类 号：R587.2[医药卫生—内分泌] R692.9[医药卫生—内科学]