章太炎对戴震“以理杀人”的诠释  

Zhang Binglin's Interpretation of Dai Zhen's Killing by Neo-confucianism

作　　者：贾泉林 Jia Quan-lin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系中国史流动站

出　　处：《国际儒学论丛》2021年第1期198-211,285,共15页International Tribune of Confucian Studies

基　　金：第65批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“章太炎与儒学的现代转化”(项目编号:2019M651401)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：戴震围绕“理欲之辨”来提出并阐释“以理杀人”一语。章太炎是近代以来以现代学术眼光诠释“以理杀人”的第一人,他从“理法之辨”入手分析指出,“以理杀人”的批判对象其实是“援理入法”;程、朱理学并非主张灭绝所有人的情、欲,戴震与程、朱之间颇多一致,构成其理学批判的矛盾之处,章太炎运用法相唯识学对二者做出了评断;理学之价值在于“饬身”修己,理学可以孳乳乡愿,乡愿在民间能够推行道德教化,起到巩固中国礼教文明之根基的作用。与戴震相比,章太炎能将学术意义上的理学与作为正统意识形态的理学严格区分,对理学有同情之理解;晚年回到原始儒家“修己治人”立场后,他对理学形而上学又持否定态度。Dai Zhen put forward and explained the term“killing by neo-confucianism”by distinguishing the relationship between reason and desire.Zhang Binglin was the first person who interpreted“killing people by neo-confucianism”in modern academic perspective.After he distinguished the relationship between neo-confucianism and law,he pointed out that the object of criticism“killing people by neo-confucianism”was actually“taking neo-confucianism as law”.The neo-confucianism of Cheng and Zhu does not advocate the extinction of all people's feelings and desires.There are a lot of similarities between Dai Zhen and cheng-zhu neo-confucianism,which constitutes the contradiction of Dai Zhen's critical neo-confucianism.Zhang Binglin used“Buddhist vipassana”to evaluate Dai Zhen's neo-confucianism and Cheng Zhu's neo-confucianism.The value of neo-confucianism is self-cultivation,neo-confucianism can produce“aspiration”,“aspiration”in the folk can carry out moral education,so it has played a role in consolidating the foundation of Chinese ethical civilization.Compared with Dai Zhen,Zhang Binglin was able to distinguish neo-confucianism in the academic sense from neo-confucianism as an ideology,and sympathized with its historical fate.In his later years,Zhang Binglin returned to the original Confucian position of“self-cultivation and self-governance”,and then he took a negative attitude to the metaphysics of“neo-confucianism”.

关 键 词：章太炎 戴震 以理杀人 理法之辨 理欲之辨 

分 类 号：B24[哲学宗教—中国哲学]