“西芋3号”高产栽培密度和施肥量研究  

Study on High Yield Cultivation Density and Fertilizer Application Rate of “Xiyu 3”

作　　者：李佩华[1] 李锟 毛慧颖 方志荣[1] 清源[1] 蔡光泽[1] 彭正松 LI Peihua;LI Kun;MAO Huiying;FANG Zhirong;QING Yuan;CAI Guangze;PENG Zhengsong(Xichang University,Xichang,Sichuan 615013,China;Ya′an Institute of Agricultural Science,Ya′an,Sichuan 625000,China)

机构地区：[1]西昌学院,四川西昌615013 [2]雅安市农科所,四川雅安625000

出　　处：《西昌学院学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期23-30,共8页Journal of Xichang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2016NZ0056);四川省“十三五”薯类育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0032-4);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川薯类创新团队(川财教[2019]59号);四川省主要粮食作物农业气象指标研究(省重实验室2018-重点-05-01)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究适宜于川西南高海拔山区马铃薯肥料施用及种植密度的优化种植技术模式。[方法]采用二次正交旋转组合设计,研究N、P、K肥及种植密度对"西芋3号"产量、主茎数及净光合速率的影响。[结果]各试验因子对净光合速率影响的重要程度为:氮肥>磷肥>种植密度>钾肥;对主茎数的影响重要程度为:氮肥>种植密度>磷肥>钾肥;对产量影响的重要程度为:钾肥>氮肥>磷肥>种植密度。产量大于2000 kg/667 m^(2)、净光合速率大于16μmol/(m^(2)·s)及主茎数在3~6个/穴的试验方案共计39套。[结论]高产栽培应合理控密控氮,施足磷肥,增施钾肥。马铃薯"西芋3号"最适农艺措施为:种植密度4317~4529株/667 m^(2)、N施用量6.39~7.52 kg/667 m^(2)、P2O5施用量5.00~5.83 kg/667 m^(2)、K2O施用量24.94~28.66 kg/667 m^(2)。[Purpose]The optimal planting technology model of potato fertilizer application and planting density in high altitude mountain area of southwest Sichuan was studied.[Method]The effects of N,P,K fertilizers and planting density on yield,main stem number and net photosynthetic rate of"Xiyu3"were studied by quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design.[Result]The effect on net photosynthetic rate represented as:Nitrogenous fertilizer>Phosphate fertilizer>Planting density>Potassic fertilizer.The effect on the number of main stems represented as:Nitrogenous fertilizer>Planting density>Phosphate fertilizer>Potassic fertilizer.The effect of each experimental factor on the yield was shown as:Potassic fertilizer>Nitrogenousfertilizer>Phosphate fertilizer>Planting density.A total of 39 sets of test schemes with the yield higher than 2000 kg/667 m^(2),the net photosynthetic rate of more than 16μmol/(m^(2)·s)and the number of main stems of 3~6 per hole was designed.[Conclusion]In high-yield cultivation,nitrogen should be controlled reasonably;enough phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied.The agronomic measures of potato"Xiyu3"should come as the following:planting density 4607~4861 plant/667 m^(2),N application rate 6.39~7.52 kg/667 m^(2),P2O5 application rate 5.00~5.83 kg/667 m^(2),K2O application rate 24.92~28.66 kg/667 m^(2).

关 键 词：马铃薯 净光合速率 主茎数 产量 

分 类 号：S532.048[农业科学—作物学]