观念、制度与资源利用——近代华北代食品研究  

Ideas,Systems and Resource of Utilization:A Study on Substitute Food in Northern China in Modern Times

作　　者：胡英泽[1] 赵慧斌 HU Ying-ze;ZHAO Hui-bin

机构地区：[1]山西大学中国社会史研究中心

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2021年第4期155-167,188,共14页Social Sciences in Yunnan

摘　　要：人与食物的关系是人类与自然生态关系的衍生物。明清时期,受区域社会资源禀赋的影响,华北地区贫民素有“糠菜半年粮”的饮食传统与食物观念。特别是在发生灾荒后,民众会食用平时不常吃的一些动植物。缺少这种饮食传统的地方则会将之视为非常时期的食物,体现了这些食物的时间性、区域性、阶级性特征。民间积累了一定的采集、食用此类植物的经验性知识。晚清以来,随着西方植物学、营养学知识的传播,民众对于野生植物的食用价值有了科学的认知。抗战时期,此类救荒食物被冠以代食品的称谓,中国共产党采取由政府进行组织动员,科学合理地指导民间采集代食品的方式,并统一进行分配,展开自救。研究代食品的采集、利用,对于学界深入理解自然生态与食物的关系,把握不同时期政府组织的救灾体制与食物资源利用方式,具有较为重要的学术价值与现实意义。The relationship between human and food is the derivative of the relationship between human and ecology.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,affected by the characteristics of regional resources,the poor in the mountains of North China had the dietary tradition of eating substitute food,in which prevails the saying have nothing to eat but chaff and wild plants for half the year.Hungry people often turned to wild plants for food during famine.Places with this dietary tradition regarded it as an extraordinary period of food,which reflected the characteristics of time,region,and social class.The folks accumulated a certain amount of practical knowledge of collecting and eating such wild plants.Since the late Qing Dynasty,with the spreading of western botanical and nutrition knowledge,people gained a scientific understanding of the edible value of wild plants.During the Anti-Japanese War,this kind of food was called Substitute Food.The Communist Party of China guided the people to collect and distribute substitute food in a scientifical way,for which launched self-rescue against famine.It is of vital significance of studying substitute food,which helps us to deeply understand the relationship between ecology and food resources and to understand the disaster relief system and food resources utilization methods organized by governments in different periods.

关 键 词：灾荒 代食品 资源利用 救灾制度:抗战时期 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] K26[历史地理—中国史]