生态无人农场模式探索及发展展望  

Exploration and development prospect of eco-unmanned farm modes

作　　者：兰玉彬 赵德楠 张彦斐 朱俊科[1,2,3,4,5] Lan Yubin;Zhao Denan;Zhang Yanfei;Zhu Junke(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Research Institute of Ecological Unmanned Farm,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Dry-farming Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Zibo 255000,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Intelligent Equipment,Zibo 255000,China;China-UK Intelligent Agriculture Joint Research Center,Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255000 [2]山东理工大学生态无人农场研究院,淄博255000 [3]山东省旱作智能农机装备协同创新中心,淄博255000 [4]山东省农业航空智能装备工程技术研究中心,淄博255000 [5]中英智能农业联合研究中心,淄博255000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第9期312-327,共16页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山东省引进顶尖人才“一事一议”专项(鲁政办字[2018]27号);淄博市生态无人农场研究院项目(2019ZBXC200)。

摘　　要：中国的农业生产建立在过量农药化肥投入的基础上,导致农田生态环境失衡,不利于农业的可持续发展,同时,农业劳动力短缺问题日益凸显,寻求一种生态化、高效化、智慧化的农业模式势在必行。基于多年的实践与探索,该文作者团队在山东淄博落地建成了中国首个生态无人农场,提出了“生态无人农场”的模式与发展理念。文章总结出农药、化肥和土壤耕作制度对农田生态系统造成的不利影响最为明显,提出通过一系列无人化作业手段与模式对农田生态系统进行生态化管理与改造,来实现农业生产的可持续发展。在此基础上,通过天空地一体化农情信息获取、地空一体化无人机群协同作业以及构建能够完全自主决策的智慧云大脑的技术集成创新模式,来实现农田信息的自动采集和处理、科学决策以及无人农机的远程控制等功能。文章对生态无人农场关键技术与模式进行了总结论述,提出了生态无人农场模式的实施内涵,以期为未来农业、智慧农业的发展以及推进农业农村现代化高质量发展提供借鉴。Agricultural production is always built on the basis of excessive pesticide and chemical fertilizer input in China,which leads to the imbalance of farmland ecological environment and is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.Meanwhile,the shortage of agricultural population is becoming increasingly prominent,so it is imperative to seek an ecological,efficient and intelligent agricultural modes.Based on years of practice and exploration,the author's team built China's first eco-unmanned farm in Zibo,Shandong Province,and put forward the mode and development concept of"eco-unmanned farm".This article concluded that pesticides,fertilizers and soil farming methods have caused the most serious adverse effects on farmland ecosystems.To solve these problems,a series of unmanned operation methods and modes were used to carry out ecological management and transformation of the farmland ecosystem to realize the sustainable development of agricultural production.After that,functions of the automatic collection and processing of farmland information,scientific decision-making and remote control of unmanned agricultural machines were realized through the integration of air and ground agricultural information acquisition,ground-air integrated unmanned agricultural machinery cooperative operation,and the construction of a smart cloud brain capable of fully autonomous decision-making.Eco-unmanned farms cover two parts:ecological management and unmanned operations.The connotation of ecological management includes precise spraying of pesticides and fertilizers,ecological fertile soil and the construction of circular ecosystems.The connotation of unmanned operation includes intelligent perception of farm information,accurate analysis of big data,scientific decision-making with artificial intelligence,positioning and navigation of satellite systems,and collaborative operations between agricultural machinery.The eco-unmanned farm mode implements ecological management of farmland through unmanned operation methods

关 键 词：物联网 人工智能 无人驾驶 生态农业 无人农场 智慧农业 大数据 农业模式 

分 类 号：S238[农业科学—农业机械化工程]