巴氏杀菌、微滤及紫外处理对羊乳中菌落数与活性蛋白的影响  

Effect of pasteurization,microfiltration and ultraviolet-C treatments on microorganism counts and bioactive proteins in goat milk

作　　者：徐姝 刘大松[1] 李志宾 张文锦 赵磊 周鹏[1] XU Shu;LIU Dasong;LI Zhibin;ZHANG Wenjin;ZHAO Lei;ZHOU Peng(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]食品科学与技术国家重点实验室(江南大学),江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2021年第15期150-156,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31901613);国家十三五重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0400600);江南大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室自由创新探索资助课题项目(SKLF-ZZA-202004)。

摘　　要：比较高温短时(high temperature short time,HTST)、1.4和0.8μm孔径微滤(MF-1.4、MF-0.8)、紫外(UV-C)处理对脱脂羊乳中微生物和活性蛋白的影响。总菌落经MF-1.4、MF-0.8和UV-C处理均达到与HTST相同的去除率;MF-1.4和MF-0.8处理能有效地截留芽孢和体细胞,HTST和UV-C处理对芽孢和体细胞无显著性效果。经MF-1.4处理后,羊乳活性成分的保留显著高于HTST处理,活性乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、黄嘌呤氧化酶、乳过氧化物酶、免疫球蛋白M保留率分别为90%、88%、87%、72%、97%和94%。天然乳清蛋白经HTST处理降低至84%,经MF-1.4、MF-0.8、UV-C处理则完全保留。羰基经HTST和UV-C处理增加18%、19%,巯基经HTST处理降低7%,两者经MF-1.4和MF-0.8处理后保持不变。MF-1.4处理膜通量较高,初始降低41%之后保持稳定,MF-0.8处理后膜通量逐渐降低85%。酪蛋白经MF-1.4处理完全透过,经MF-0.8处理透过74%。综上,MF-1.4处理对羊乳中微生物去除和活性蛋白保留具有较好的效果。This study compared the effects of high-temperature short-time(HTST)pasteurization,microfiltration(MF)with 1.4 or 0.8μm pore diameters,and ultraviolet-C(UV-C)irradiation treatments on microorganisms and bioactive proteins in goat skim milk.Bacteria reduction,which with MF-1.4,MF-0.8 and UV-C treatments,reached the same level as HTST.Moreover,MF-1.4 and MF-0.8 treatments can effectively trap spores and somatic cells,however,HTST and UV-C treatments have no significant effect on them.Bioactive lactoferrin,immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG,xanthine oxidase,lactoperoxidase and IgM were retained at 86%,68%,51%,49%,47%and 28%using HTST.And above indicators showed 90%,88%,87%,72%,97%and 94%using MF-1.4 and 82%,82%,80%,70%,85%and 88%using MF-0.8.Using UV-C,these indexes were 94%,91%,75%,86%,93%and 97%respectively.Besides,native serum proteins were retained at 84%using HTST,and completely using MF-1.4,MF-0.8 and UV-C.Carbonyls were increased by 18%and 19%using HTST and UV-C,and sulfhydryls were reduced by 7%using HTST,while both were unaffected using MF-1.4 and MF-0.8.Furthermore,flux for 1.4μm MF was higher and remained steady after an initial decrease of 41%,while flux for 0.8μm MF decreased progressively by 85%until end of processing which resulting in complete and 74%passages of casein micelles using 1.4 and 0.8μm MF,respectively.These results showed that MF-1.4 treatment had a better effect and application potential for microbial removal and bioactive protein retention.

关 键 词：山羊乳 高温短时巴氏杀菌 陶瓷膜微滤 紫外辐射 活性蛋白 

分 类 号：TS252.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]