微生物产角蛋白酶及其应用  

Microbial keratinase and its application

作　　者：熊敏[1] 廖永庆 张敏 苗朝棋 蔡冬波 陈守文[1] XIONG Min;LIAO Yongqing;ZHANG Min;MIAO Zhaoqi;CAI Dongbo;CHEN Shouwen(State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering,School of Life Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University,College of Ecological and Resource Engineering,Wuyi University,Wuyishan 354300,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]武夷学院生态与资源工程学院绿色化工技术福建省高等学校重点实验室,福建武夷山354300

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2021年第4期380-386,共7页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0900300);绿色化工技术福建省高校重点实验室开放课题(202010701342004)。

摘　　要：角蛋白是地球上丰度最高的纤维状蛋白质,其结构稳定,不易被蛋白酶水解,因此角蛋白的回收再利用受到限制。角蛋白酶能特异水解角蛋白,将角蛋白废弃物转变成有价值的产物,如肥料及土壤修复剂、饲料原料、绿色能源、絮凝剂以及护肤品成分等;角蛋白酶还可直接用于医药、皮革加工、洗涤剂成分、纺织和重金属回收等领域。本文综述了角蛋白酶的来源、分类和性质,通过定向进化或理性设计对酶分子进行改造,以改变酶对底物的特异性,提高酶的催化效率,提高酶对极端pH、高温、盐和化学试剂等的耐受性;介绍了酶的高效表达育种和发酵工艺优化及角蛋白酶在农业、环境保护、纺织行业、化妆品行业及医药行业的应用;最后对角蛋白酶的发展前景做了展望。Keratin is the most abundant fibrous protein on earth.Its structure is stable and it is hard to be hydrolysed by proteases,which limits its recycling and reusing.Keratinase can specifically hydrolyse keratin and convert keratin waste into valuable products,such as fertilizers and soil remediation agents,feed raw materials,green fuel,flocculant,and skin care ingredients.Keratinase can also be directly used in pharmaceutical industry,leather processing,detergent ingredients,textile industry,and heavy metal recovery.This paper reviews the origin,classification and properties of keratinase,as well as molecular enzyme engineering by directed evolution or rational design to alter enzyme specificity to substrates,improve enzyme efficiency,and improve enzyme tolerance to extreme pH,high temperatures,salts,and chemical reagents.Efficient expression breeding of enzymes,optimization of fermentation process and application of keratinase in agriculture,environmental protection,textile industry,cosmetics industry and pharmaceutical industry are also reviewed.Finally,the development prospects of keratinase are put forward at the end of the paper.

关 键 词：角蛋白酶 角蛋白酶应用 酶分子改造 育种 发酵工艺 

分 类 号：TQ925.2[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]