重载铁路60 kg·m^(-1)贝氏体钢轨试验及应用  

Test and Application of 60 kg·m^(-1)Bainitic Rail for Heavy Haul Railway

作　　者：金纪勇[1] 王冬[1] 陈昕[1] 刘祥[1] 张瑜 JIN Jiyong;WANG Dong;CHEN Xin;LIU Xiang;ZHANG Yu(Technical Center,Ansteel Group Co.,Ltd.,Anshan Liaoning 114009,China)

机构地区：[1]鞍钢股份有限公司技术中心,辽宁鞍山114009

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2021年第4期34-40,共7页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0304503);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(K2018G020)。

摘　　要：为开发适应重载铁路发展和应用的高强高韧高耐磨钢轨,在对60 kg·m^(-1)贝氏体钢轨进行试制的基础上,利用蔡司倒置式光学显微镜、透射电镜及静态液压万能试验机,对钢轨母材和焊接接头的组织性能进行检验,并对钢轨和道岔辙叉翼轨、尖轨进行试铺,系统分析强韧和耐磨性能。结果表明:60 kg·m^(-1)贝氏体钢轨的母材组织均匀,基体为无碳化物贝氏体,存在少量稳定残余奥氏体和M/A组织,硬度较高,耐磨性良好,具有良好的强韧性匹配;焊接接头组织均匀,性能良好;铺设在重载线路曲线段的贝氏体钢轨服役时间达48个月、通过总重近6亿吨时,其使用寿命比珠光体钢轨提高1倍以上,道岔辙叉翼轨和尖轨的使用寿命比U75V钢轨提高3~4倍,且均未出现重伤问题,贝氏体钢轨还具有较强的抗剥离掉块能力。In order to develop high strength,high toughness and high wear-resistant rails adaptable for the development and application of heavy haul railway,based on the trial manufacture of 60 kg·m^(-1)bainitic steel rails,the microstructure and properties of rail parent metals and welded joints were tested by Zeiss inverted optical microscope,transmission electron microscope and static hydraulic universal testing machine.The trial laying of rail,the frog wing rail and switch rail of turnout was carried out,and the strength,toughness and wear resistance were systematically analyzed.Results show that the parent metals of 60 kg·m^(-1)of bainitic steel not only possess uniform microstructure,carbide free bainite,a small amount of stable retained austenite and M/A island,but also have higher hardness,better wear resistance and good matching of strength and toughness.The welded joints have uniform microstructure and better properties.When the service time of the bainitic steel rails laid on the curve section of heavy haul railway is 48 months and the passing gross weight is nearly 600 million tons,the service life of bainitic steel rail is more than 1 times longer than that of pearlitic rail steels.The service life of turnout frog rails and switch rails is 3-4 times longer than that of U75V rail steels,and there is no serious damages.Bainitic steel rails also have better ability of spalling resistance.

关 键 词：重载铁路 60 kg·m^(-1) 贝氏体钢轨 残余奥氏体 母材 焊接接头 

分 类 号：U214.81[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]