马铃薯淀粉加工废水灌溉对土壤质量及玉米生长的影响  

Irrigation with Potato Starch Processing Wastewater: Effects on Soil Quality and Corn Growth

作　　者：雷晓婷 何进勤[1] 雷金银[1] 祁焕军 徐瑾瑜 金建新[1] 王天宁[1] Lei Xiaoting;He Jinqin;Lei Jinyin;Qi Huanjun;Xu Jinyu;Jin Jianxin;Wang Tianning(Agricultural Resources and Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第19期106-111,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目“农业面源污染减控与绿色清洁生产技术研究示范”(2017BY085);宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目“宁夏特色作物水肥一体化技术研究与集成示范”(NKYG-17-01)。

摘　　要：研究马铃薯淀粉加工废水灌溉对土壤性质及玉米生长的影响,以探明最适废水还田量。试验设置清水3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1,CK)、废水600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)、废水900 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)、废水1200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4)、废水3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W5) 5个处理,对比分析不同灌溉量对土壤团聚体、N、P、K、有机质、酶及玉米出苗率和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)0.252 mm粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体含量随废水灌溉量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,分别比W1增加了14.90%、17.04%、4.09%和16.67%;(2)灌溉1年,废水灌溉表层020 cm土壤碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷及有机质含量均高于对照;(3)过氧化氢酶、脲酶及磷酸酶活性分别在W4、W2及W4处理下增加最高,增加量分别为9.64%、5.34%及17.24%;(4)过量灌溉会降低玉米出苗率,废水灌溉量不宜超过1200 m^(3)/hm^(2)。2年灌溉W3时玉米产量最高,分别为69171、59404.5 kg/hm^(2)。总体来看,最适废水灌溉量为900 m^(3)/hm^(2)。The effect of potato starch processing wastewater on soil properties and corn growth was studied to explore the optimal amount of wastewater returned to field.5 treatments were set up including groundwater3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1,CK),wastewater 600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2),wastewater 900 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3),wastewater 1200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4)wastewater 3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W5).Soil aggregates,N,P,K,organic matter,enzymes,and corn emergence rate and yield under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that:the content of soil water-stable aggregates of 0.25-2 mm size increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of wastewater irrigation amount,increased by 14.90%,17.04%,4.09%and 16.67%respectively under W2,W3,W4and W5compared with that of CK.Irrigation with wastewater for 1 year,the content of alkaline nitrogen,available potassium available phosphorus and soil organic matter in the 0-20 cm surface soil were both higher than those in CK The activities of catalase,urease and phosphatase reached the highest respectively under W4,W2and W4increased by 9.64%,5.34%and 17.24%.The rate of maize emergence was reduced when wastewater irrigation exceeded 1200 m^(3)/hm^(2).Maize yield reached the highest under W3in 2018 and 2019,which were 69171 and59404.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Among them,the optimal wastewater irrigation amount is 900 m^(3)/hm^(2).

关 键 词：马铃薯 淀粉加工 废水 灌溉 玉米 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]