《古汉语反训集释》中“反义同词”现象的“ECM认知模型”分析  

Analysis of the Phenomenon of“a Word with Two Opposite Meanings”in the Book Ancient Chinese Fanxun Jishi by Event Cognitive Model

作　　者：张丽 ZHANG Li(Faculty of Linguistic Sciences,Beijing Language and Culture University,Haidian District,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京海淀区100083

出　　处：《河池学院学报》2021年第3期45-50,共6页Journal of Hechi University

摘　　要：《古汉语反训集释》一书收录了505个常见的“反训”之例,包含名物、动作、性状和虚助四类,具有数量大、分类细的特点。文章认为“一个词具有两个相反意义的语言现象”用“反义同词”比“反训”这个训诂学术语更恰当,在此基础、上排除《集释》中的因假借和通假造成的“反义同词”现象、已分化出反义同源字却仍与之互相通者、义反而不相因者、因与反义之词组合而产生相反之义者、语气词和生冷孤僻的“同词反义”现象。最终获得179个真正意义上的“反义同词”。文章借助认知语言学的“ECM认知模型(Event Cognitive Model)”对这些符合条件的例字进行分析,最后对“反义同词”现象形成的原因及规律进行总结。The book Ancient Chinese Fanxun Jishi contains 505 common examples of "Fanxun(反训)",including four categories: names, actions, traits and virtual aids. It has the characteristics of large quantity and detailed classification. The article holds that, "the linguistic phenomenon in which a word has two opposite meanings" is more appropriate to use "antonymous words" than the exegetical term "Fanxun(反训)". On this basis, the phenomenon caused by false borrowing and Tong Jia in "Fanxun Jishi" is excluded, as well as those who have differentiated antonyms but still communicate with them, those who have opposite meanings and have nothing to do with them, those who have opposite meanings due to the combination of antonyms, modal particles, and the cold and solitary phenomenon of "same words and antonyms". In the end, 179 real "antonyms" are obtained. The article mainly uses the "ECM" of cognitive linguistics to analyze these qualified examples, and finally summarizes the reasons and laws of the phenomenon of "antonymous words".

关 键 词：反义同词 反训 ECM认知模型 

分 类 号：H032[语言文字—语言学]