齐齐哈尔市儿童替牙期及牙齿健康状况的横断面调查  

Cross-sectional survey on dental replacement and dental health in children in Qiqihar city

作　　者：杨晓蕾[1,2] 李洪杰 刘景华[2] 钞虹[2] 李刚[2] 周忠光[3] 刘吉成[1,3] YANG Xiao-lei;LI Hong-jie;LIU Jing-hua;CHAO Hong;LI Gang;ZHOU Zhong-guang;LIU Ji-cheng(Postdoctoral Workstation,Research Institute of Medical and Pharmacy;School of Public Health,Qiqihar Medical University,Qiqihar,Helongjiang 161006,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔医学院医药研究所博士后工作站,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]齐齐哈尔医学院公共卫生学院 [3]黑龙江中医药大学博士后流动站

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2021年第8期886-890,共5页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：齐齐哈尔医学院青年博士科研基金项目(QMSI2019B-04);黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划(UNPYSCT-2018036)。

摘　　要：目的了解儿童替牙期现状、常见牙齿问题及影响因素、家长对儿童牙齿健康知识的知晓情况,为科学维护儿童口腔健康提供依据。方法2019年1-5月本研究采用横断面调查的方法,通过分层整群抽样的方法以齐齐哈尔市的1023名4~7岁儿童为研究对象,探究其替牙期常见的牙齿健康问题及影响因素。结果本次调查发现,有435名(42.52%)儿童进入了替牙期;185名(18.10%)儿童牙齿受过外伤。875名儿童接受口腔检查,266名(30.4%)儿童患有龋齿。通过Logistic回归分析,发现摄入果汁等饮料的频率≥3次/d(OR=2.254,95%CI:1.185~4.289,P<0.05)、经常睡前吃零食(OR=2.515,95%CI:1.437~4.403,P<0.05)、进食后未进行口腔护理(OR=2.490,95%CI:1.412~4.390,P<0.05)为龋齿的危险因素。进食糖果≥3次/d(OR=3.924,95%CI:1.264~12.184,P<0.05)及进食甜点1~2次/d(OR=3.378,95%CI:1.219~9.361,P<0.05)是儿童提前进入替牙期的危险因素。结论部分儿童存在替牙期提前的状况,家庭因素、饮食习惯和生活方式是影响儿童牙齿健康的因素,应提高家长对儿童口腔健康的认识,科学合理的维护儿童口腔健康。Objective To understand the current situation of children′s oral replacement period,common dental health problems and influencing factors,and parents′knowledge of children′s dental health,so as to provide basis for scientific maintenance of children′s oral health.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to select 1023 children aged 4 to 7 years as participants in Qiqihar from January to May in 2019 by a stratified cluster sampling method.Common oral health problem and the influencing factors were investigated.Results A total of 435(42.52%)children were in the teeth replacement period in this survey.And 875 children took oral examination,founding that 266(30.4%)had dental caries.Logistic regression analysis showed that high frequency of drinks such as intake of juice(OR=2.254,95%CI:1.185—2.289,P<0.05),often snacking before bed(OR=2.515,95%CI:1.437—4.403,P<0.05)and no oral care after eating(OR=2.490,95%CI:1.412—4.390,P<0.05)were the influencing factors of dental caries.Eating candy≥3 times/d(OR=3.924,95%CI:1.264—12.184,P<0.05)and dessert for 1-2 times/d(OR=3.378,95%CI:1.219—9.361,P<0.05)may be risk factors for children to enter teething earlier.Conclusions Some children′s dental replacement period is earlier.Family factors,eating habits and lifestyle are the factors influencing children′s dental health.Thus,parents are supposed to improve the understanding of children′s oral health in order to protect children′s oral health scientifically and reasonably.

关 键 词：替牙期 牙齿健康 儿童 

分 类 号：R788[医药卫生—口腔医学]