马铃薯间作玉米对马铃薯生长、产量及糖类物质的影响  

Effects of potato-maize intercropping on potato growth,yield and carbohydrate

作　　者：田双燕 张应龙 何天久 牛力立 王庆 吴再辉[1,2] 肖力力 田山君 TIAN Shuang-yan;ZHANG Ying-long;HE Tian-jiu;NIU Li-li;WANG Qing;WU Zai-hui;XIAO Li-li;TIAN Shan-jun(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),Guiyang 550025,China;Agricultural Service Center of Mugua Town,Tongzi County,Zunyi,Guizhou 563217,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Anshun Agricultural Sciences Academy,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]教育部山地植物资源保护与种质创新重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]桐梓县木瓜镇农业服务中心,贵州遵义563217 [4]贵州省农业科学院,贵阳550006 [5]安顺市农业科学院,贵州安顺561000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第5期1198-1205,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-ES25);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL〔2017〕009);贵州大学引进人才科研基金项目(贵大人基合字〔2015〕06号)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析马铃薯间作玉米模式下马铃薯生长、产量及糖类物质的变化情况,为促进马铃薯与玉米合理间作模式的推广应用提供参考。【方法】采用田间试验方法,设马铃薯单作(对照)和间作(2行马铃薯间作2行玉米)2种栽培模式,结合田间观测与室内测定,分析马铃薯间作玉米对马铃薯生长、产量和糖类物质的影响。【结果】与马铃薯单作相比,马铃薯间作玉米模式下马铃薯的茎粗、单株主茎数、单株匍匐茎和单株根干物质重量及单株结薯数无显著变化(P>0.05),但间作可提高马铃薯单株分枝数、单株匍匐茎数、单株小叶叶片数、单株叶面积、单株茎叶和单株块茎的干物质重量,并显著提高马铃薯的株高、单薯重、单株产量及复合产量(P<0.05,下同)。随着间作时间的延长,间作马铃薯叶片、匍匐茎和块茎中糖类物质均有不同程度的降低,其中对叶片的影响较大,间作马铃薯叶片的蔗糖、果糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量在块茎增长期和淀粉积累期均显著低于单作。【结论】与马铃薯单作相比,马铃薯与玉米2∶2行比间作模式下,马铃薯具有一定的生长优势,复合产量显著提高,该间作模式可在实际生产中推广应用。【Objective】To analyze the changes of potato growth,yield and carbohydrate under potato-maize intercropping mode,so as to provide reference for promoting the application of potato-maize intercropping mode.【Method】Field experiments were conducted to establish two cultivation models of potato monoculture(CK)and intercropping(two rows of potato intercropping with two rows of maize).The effects of potato-maize intercropping on potato growth,yield and carbohydrate content were analyzed by field observation and laboratory analysis.【Result】Compared with potato monoculture,the stem diameter,the main stems number per plant,dry matter weight of stolon and root per plantand the tubers number per plant had no significant change(P>0.05).However,intercropping could increased the number of branches,stolons and leaflets per plant,the leaf area per plant,the stem,leaf and tuber dry weight per plant.The potato height,single tuber weight,yield per plant and compound yield were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05,the same below).With the extension of intercropping time,the contents of carbohydrates in leaves,stolons and tubers of potato of intercropping decreased to some extents,among which the effect on leaves was greater.The contents of sucrose,fructose,soluble sugar and starch in potato leaves of intercropping were significantly lower than those of potato monoculture at tuber development period and starch accumulation period.【Conclusion】Compared with potato monoculture,the intercropping mode of potato and maize with 2∶2 row ratio has certain growth advantages,and the compound yield increases significantly.This intercropping mode can be promoted in actual production.

关 键 词：马铃薯 间作 生长 产量 糖类物质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S344.2