牡蛎中诺如病毒的感染及其防控研究进展  

Progress and prospects of infection,prevention and control of norovirus in oyster

作　　者：赵峰[1,2,3] 佟利惠 杨敏 王珊珊 刘楠[1] 孙永[1] 周德庆[1] ZHAO Feng;TONG Lihui;YANG Min;WANG Shanshan;LIU Nan;SUN Yong;ZHOU Deqing(Yellow China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Products,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,266071,China;College of Food Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai,201306,China;College of Biology and Food Engeineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing,404100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所/青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋药物与生物制品功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [3]重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院,重庆404100

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第4期133-140,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项(2019YFD0901702)。

摘　　要：诺如病毒(Norovirus, NoV)是非细菌性急性胃肠炎的主要病原体。牡蛎可通过滤食作用富集海水和环境中污染的NoV,是NoV传播的重要载体。人们倾向于食用生的或轻微烹煮的牡蛎,导致NoV感染事件时有发生。与牡蛎相关的食源性疾病中,约50%由NoV引起。荧光定量PCR是检测NoV的主要方法,但其不能有效区分感染性与非感染性NoV。由于NoV难以在体外培养,致使评估NoV灭活方法的有效性存在困难。猪胃黏蛋白(Porcine gastric mucin, PGM)及叠氮溴化丙锭(Propidium monoazide, PMA)等核酸嵌入剂与qPCR结合的方法在检测感染性NoV中显现出应用潜力。牡蛎中NoV的消减方式多为超高压处理,400 MPa及以上的压力可使NoV大量灭活。文章综述了近年来牡蛎[主要是太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、褶牡蛎(Alectryonella plicatula)和熊本牡蛎(C. sikamea)]中NoV的污染状况、富集机制、检测方法以及超高压处理消减NoV等方面的研究成果,为建立牡蛎中NoV有效的风险预警和控制技术提供参考。Norovirus(NoV)is the main pathogen of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis.Oysters are important carriers for the spread of NoV,which can enrich NoV from contaminated seawater and environment through filter feeding.People tend to eat raw or lightly cooked oysters,which may cause NoV infections.About half of the foodborne diseases associated with oysters are caused by NoV.Reverse transcription fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)is the main method for detecting NoV,but it cannot distinguish infec-tious from non-infectious viruses effectively.Since NoV cannot be cultured in vitro,RT-qPCR has limitations in assessing the effect-iveness of inactivation methods for NoV.Porcine gastric mucin(PGM),propidium monoazide(PMA)and other nucleic acid intercal-ators combined with RT-qPCR have shown potential applications in the detection of infectious NoV.High hydrostatic pressure treatment is an effective method to reduce norovirus in shellfish,and the pressure of over 400 MPa can inactivate NoV significantly.In this paper,we review the enrichment of NoV in oyster,the detection methods to distinguish infectious NoV and the inactivation of high hydrostatic pressure technology on NoV in Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas),pleated oysters(Alectryonella plicatulas)and Kumamoto oysters(C.sikamea),so as to provide references for the establishment of effective NoV risk warning and non-thermal in-activation technology in the future.

关 键 词：牡蛎 诺如病毒 定量检测 超高压消减技术 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]