赫施“保卫作者”的诠释学理论  

Hirsch's Hermeneutic Theory of"Defending the Author"

作　　者：王锺陵[1] WANG Zhongling

机构地区：[1]苏州大学国学院,215006

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2021年第8期3-21,共19页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：赫施1967年出版了《解释的有效性》一书,系统地提出并论证了一个与伽达默尔迥乎相异的诠释理论。他的理论尚不为我国学界所关注,因此,有值得加以介绍与评论的必要。赫施解释学的整体框架可以概括如下:保卫作为陈述主体的作者是赫施的《解释的有效性》一书的宗旨,这一宗旨所要求的是从本文推测作者的原意,亦即重建陈述主体。本文的涵义被区分为含义、意味、意义三种,可归并为含义与意义两种。理解活动被区分为理解、解释、批评三类,也可归并为理解与解释两类。含义与理解相对应,解释与意义相对应。作者意指的含义是确定的,而意义是变动的。"范型"概念是含义被传达的类型,解释者入手于某个类型构想,并在解释过程中去限制和更准确地构造这个类型。合法性、相应性、范型合适性及连贯性则是解释有效性的四条验证标准。前判断与前理解、前期待不能混淆,"视域融合"论被认为是不正确的。然而,可以反问赫施的是,如果作者不加说明,你怎么知道他意指的内容?虽然可以从本文的表达中加以推测,但要"重建陈述主体",因为含义时有的模糊性及其与意义的联结关系,往往做不到,特别是对博大精深的著作,更是这样。霍埃为伽达默尔的理论作了全面的辩护,并对赫施对伽达默尔的批评予以了反驳。审视围绕着解释的客观性的争论,所应得出的结论是:诠释学应该是存在论与认识论的统一、本体论与方法论的统一。In 1967,Hirsch published his book"Validity of Interpretation",which systematically proposed and argued for a theory of interpretation very different from Gadamer.His theory has not yet been noticed by our academic community,so it is necessary to introduce and comment on it.The overall framework of Hirsch's hermeneutics can be summarized as follows:defending the author as the subject of the statement is the purpose of Hirsch’s book"Validity of Interpretation",and this purpose requires inferring the original meaning of the author from this paper,that is,reconstructing the subject of the statement.The meanings of this paper are distinguished as meaning,implication,and significance,which can be grouped into two kinds of meaning and significance.Comprehension activities are distinguished as comprehension,interpretation,and criticism,which can also be grouped into two categories:comprehension and interpretation.Meaning corresponds to comprehension,and interpretation corresponds to meaning.Meaning,as intended by the author,is definite,while meaning is fluid.The concept of"paradigm"is the type of meaning that is conveyed,and the interpreter starts with a type conception,and in the process of interpretation limits and constructs this type more precisely.Legitimacy,correspondence,paradigm appropriateness,and coherence are the four criteria for validity of interpretation.Prejudgment is not to be confused with pre-understanding and pre-expectation,and the"fusion of perspectives"theory is considered incorrect.However,the question that can be asked of Hirsch is,if the author does not specify,how do you know what he means?Although it is possible to speculate from the expression of the text,it is often impossible to"reconstruct the subject of the statement"because of the ambiguity of the meaning and its connection to the meaning,especially in the case of profound works.Hoyer provides a comprehensive defense of Gadamer's theory and a rebuttal to Hirsch's criticism of Gadamer.Examining the controversy surrounding the objectivity

关 键 词：保卫作者 重建陈述主体 赫施 霍埃 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]