行业垄断、资本错配与过度教育  

Industry Monopoly,Capital Misallocation and Over-education

作　　者：李勇[1] 焦晶 马芬芬 LI Yong;JIAO Jing;MA Fenfen(Northwest University,Xi'an,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,710127

出　　处：《经济学动态》2021年第6期113-127,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“行政垄断下人力资本错配对企业创新效率损失的影响研究”(71704141);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“行政垄断背景下中国人力资本配置扭曲影响自主创新的内生机理研究”(17YJC790084)。

摘　　要：通过构建内生学历门槛的资金分配模型,本文发现:全要素生产率(TFP)是影响学历门槛和过度教育的关键因素;如果垄断行业TFP较低,其不仅会增加自身的学历门槛和过度教育,还会提升竞争行业的学历门槛和过度教育,因此,垄断行业TFP越低,过度教育水平也越高;不仅如此,垄断行业TFP越低,资本在垄断行业和竞争行业的错配便越严重,竞争行业的过度教育水平也越高。进一步地,本文利用2010—2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)和省际宏观数据进行匹配,并在此基础上进行了实证检验,结果证实了经验假说。为此,提高垄断行业TFP、矫正资本错配,将有助于缓解过度教育,进而实现人力资本在行业间的优化配置。By constructing a two-sector fund allocation model with endogenous education thresholds,this paper examines the relationship among industry monopoly,capital misallocation and over-education.The result shows that total factor productivity(TFP)is the key factor affecting the education threshold and over-education.If the TFP of monopolized industry is low,it will not only increase its educational threshold and over-education,but also raise the educational threshold and over-education of competitive industry.Therefore,the lower the total factor productivity of monopolized industry is,the higher the level of over-education.Moreover,the lower the TFP of monopolized industry is,the capital misallocation between the two industries is more serious,and the higher the level of over-education is.Furthermore,this paper matches China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data from 2010 to 2016 with macro data at the provincial level,and makes an empirical test based on the combined data,the results confirm our empirical hypothesis.Then,improving TFP of monopolized industry and removing capital misallocation will help alleviate over-education,and then realize the optimal allocation of human capital among industries.

关 键 词：行业垄断 全要素生产率 资本错配 学历门槛 过度教育 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] F249.2[文化科学—教育技术学]