现代性的隐忧:杜威道德教育思想的演变——兼与高德胜教授、刘长海教授商榷  

The Malaise for Modernity:Exploring the Evolution of John Dewey’s Thoughts on Moral Education and Rethinking Some Opinions by Professor Gao Desheng and Liu Changhai

作　　者：涂诗万[1] 姚文峰[1] Tu Shiwan;Yao Wenfeng(the Faculty of Education,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学教育学部,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《教育研究》2021年第7期103-117,共15页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2019年度教育学一般课题“杜威教育思想批评史(1896—2019年)”(课题批准号:BOA190042)的研究成果。

摘　　要：杜威道德教育思想的发展以1922年为界分为前、后两个时期。在前、后两个时期中,杜威道德教育思想在以下三个方面是一以贯之的:一是反对绝对主义道德,推崇探究式道德教育;二是强调道德即当前意义的持续增长,并以此统一事实与价值、知识和行为;三是推崇"社会智慧、社会能力和社会利益(兴趣)""三位一体"的道德教育。后期,杜威道德教育思想发生了保守主义转向,表现在如下两个方面:一是不再坚持线性道德发展观,推崇习俗,主张多元道德发展观;二是强调道德教育须借助"宗教性"力量。从杜威道德教育思想的发展可看出其问题意识:一方面,杜威竭力维持现代性对前现代性的优势,将启蒙精神发扬光大,谴责专制主义和极权主义,捍卫和发展民主;另一方面,杜威意识到了极端个人主义、极端民族主义、各种激进主义和无根的世俗化等现代性弊端,努力消解这些弊端。The development of John Dewey’s thoughts on moral education fell into two periods:the pre-1922 period,and the post-1922 period. During these two periods,he stuck to his thoughts of moral education consistently in three aspects:First,he opposed absolutistic morality and advocated inquiry-based moral education;second,he insisted that morality was the continuous growth of the present meanings,and thus unified fact into value,and knowledge into behavior;third,he advocated the moral trinity of the school,namely the unification of social intelligence,social power,and social interests. In the latter period,his thoughts on moral education tended to be conservative:First,he no longer adhered to the linear view of moral evolution,but began to advocate the customs and the pluralistic view of moral development;second,he emphasized that moral education had to rely on the "religious" power. The development of John Dewey’s thoughts on moral education revealed his problem awareness:On one hand,he strove to maintain the superiority of modernity over pre-modernity,carried forward the spirit of Enlightenment,condemned absolutism and totalitarianism,and defended and developed democracy;on the other hand,he was aware of the disadvantages of modernity,such as extreme individualism,statism,extreme nationalism and rootless secularization,and endeavored to eliminate these disadvantages.

关 键 词：杜威 道德教育 民主 现代性 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学]