比较教育研究方法的现象学思考  

A Probe into the Methodology of Comparative Education:A Phenomenological Perspective

作　　者：姜勇 刘鑫鑫 Jiang Yong;Liu Xinxin(the Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《教育研究》2021年第7期118-126,共9页Educational Research

摘　　要：教育现象学的建立不仅标志着教育研究立场的转向,而且深刻影响比较教育研究的方法论选择。运用现象学方法开展比较研究,为比较教育学科的建设开辟了一条独特的道路。比较教育研究应借鉴现象学发生立场的转向,摆脱唯科学实证主义方法论范式的局限,注重面向比较教育的"实事"本身。比较教育研究要有新视界。要尽可能做到进入他国教育的"真实现场",从"文本"的他者转变为"生活"的他者,开展深描、体验与理解的研究。比较教育研究要有新立场。应转变观念,从"异乡"的好奇者转变为"家乡"的眷恋者,关心自身教育在融入世界教育改革的潮流过程中的优势与不足、专长与缺点、魅力与窘迫,又可以从哪些别样的文化与教育中有所获益,得到启迪,获得滋养。比较教育研究要有新格局。以往我们注重的是"国别"的教育比较,将国家视作比较的单元进行探究;注重"比较"之格局的比较教育研究则不仅重视国别教育比较,而且关心关切基于不同文化背景、不同"空间"和不同时期的教育之比较。The establishment of phenomenology in education not only marks the shift of the position of educational research, but also makes an in-depth impact on the methodological choice of comparative education research.Comparative research through phenomenological methodology blazes a unique trail for the construction of the discipline of comparative education. Comparative education research is supposed to shift its position by using phenomenology for reference,get rid of the limitations from the paradigm of the positivist methodology,and attach importance to facing the "facts" in comparative education. First,comparative education research needs to have new horizons. Researchers should strive to enter the "real site" of education in other countries,change themselves from researchers in "texts" into those in "actual life," and carry out descriptive,experiential,and understanding-based researches. Second,comparative education research should have new positions. Researchers need to change traditional concepts,transform themselves from those curious about "foreign lands" into those nostalgic for their "hometown," care about the advantages and disadvantages of the education of their own country at the tides of the world education reform,and consider how they can benefit from alien cultures and education. Third,comparative education research must have a new pattern. Researchers,who focused on education comparison by country,must not only attach importance to such a research method,but also care about the comparisons of education based on different cultural backgrounds, "spaces" and periods.

关 键 词：比较教育 研究方法 现象学 想象的异邦 

分 类 号：G40-059.3[文化科学—教育学原理]