汉语近指代词预指用法的历时发展  

On the Diachronic Change of Cataphora of Proximal Demonstratives in Chinese

作　　者：曹亚北 CAO Bei-ya

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2021年第3期55-66,127,共13页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“多卷本断代汉语语法史”(14ZDB092);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“基于上古汉语语义知识库的历史语法与词汇研究”(18JJD740002)。

摘　　要：预指是指示词指示并衔接下文的用法,语言中常用近指代词表达预指。文章探讨汉语史上近指代词预指用法的发展,指出:上古汉语中近指代词罕见预指用例;中古译经频繁使用近指代词“是”、“此”等表达预指,这些词常对译原经中固有预指功能的指代形式,因此译经中的预指现象极有可能是受语言接触影响产生的;“这”等词表预指的情况可追溯至宋代,宋以后“这”等词表预指成为主流。Cataphora refers to a linguistic phenomenon in which a demonstrative refers to certain components in following text or discourse,and proximal demonstratives are often used as cataphoric demonstratives.This paper investigates the diachronic change of cataphoric proximal demonstratives in Chinese.The main conclusions are as follows:in the Archaic Chinese,proximal demonstratives like shi(是)and ci(此)are rarely used for cataphora;those proximal demonstratives become frequently used for cataphora in medieval translations of Buddhist scriptures and their equivalent words in Sanskrit scriptures are cataphoric proforms,which can be regarded as evidences of language contact;the cataphoric zhe(这)appears in the documents in the Song dynasty and thereafter becomes a common cataphoric demonstrative.

关 键 词：预指 近指代词 中古译经 语言接触 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]