“观象”“系词”与“神道设教”--文学侨易学视域下的《焦氏易林》之占验与文学问题  

“Observing the Image,”“Explaining with Language,”and“Setting Up Religion with the Divine Way”:Divination and Literary Problems in Jiao Gong’s Forest of Yi from the Perspective of Literary Qiao-Yi

作　　者：李川[1] LI Chuan(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院

出　　处：《国际比较文学（中英文）》2021年第3期543-558,共16页International Comparative Literature

摘　　要：中国现代的文学运动是西方二元论介入的产物,反思现代需要有一个更宏大的理论视野。此种视野至少包含时空两个必要的层次,就空间而言,既然中国文学和域外文学浑然一体,立足于世界文学的全球视野就是必要的;就时间层次上来说,不能不重视古今之争之于当下文学观念反思的意义。而这两个层次,恰恰是侨易学的努力方向。随着传统经学体系的解体,《易林》首先被视为"文学"作品,文学云云就有侨易的因素。《焦氏易林》植根于《周易》"立象以尽意"五项原则基础之上,足证其"象学之集大成"的价值。无论《易》教,还是《诗》教,以及其他经学之教,皆包含华夏文学肇始的源始逻辑。理解了这一源始逻辑,则得以进一步发掘《易林》在当下语境中的价值和意义。就《易林》占验体系而论,其"观象"乃《易经》的传统,其"系词"乃《诗经》的传统,其表达特质是诗性的、直观的而非逻辑的、理性的。从重新调整我们的生活方式、重新思考现代人在宇宙中的位置以应对现代科学主义的危机来论,对《易林》的占验系统予以重审也是必要的。就易学传统内部而言,占卜从来就是支流和末途,而对德性的强调才是经学的核心思想,然《易经》系统对德性的强调乃是基于"视履考祥""神道设教"的基础之上,这种基础带有某种运命论色彩。Modern Chinese literature is the product of the intervention of Western dualism.There are two levels:time and space.From the perspective of space,it is necessary for Chinese literature and foreign literature to be integrated in the global vision of world literature;from the perspective of time,we should pay attention to the significance of the debate between ancient and modern for the reflection of current literary concepts.These two levels are exactly the direction of Qiao-Yiology studies.With the disintegration of the traditional system of Confucian classics,Jiao Gong’s The Forest of Yi was first regarded as a"literary"work,and there were many factors in literature.The Forest of Yi is rooted in the five principles of"setting up images to fulfill the meaning"in Zhouyi,which proves the value of"the integration of iconology."No matter the teaching of Zhouyi,or the teaching of the Book of Songs,and other Confucian classics,all contain the logic of the origin of Chinese literature.Understanding this logic can further explore the value and significance of The Forest of Yi in the current context.As far as the divination system of The Forest of Yi is concerned,its"observing the image"is the tradition of Zhouyi,its"explaining with language"is the tradition of the Book of Songs,and its expressive characteristics are poetic and intuitive rather than logical and rational.It is also necessary to reexamine the test system of The Forest of Yi from the perspective of readjusting our way of life and rethinking the struggle of modern people in the universe to cope with the crisis of modern scientism.Within the tradition of Yi-ology,divination has always been a branch and an end,and the emphasis on virtue is the core idea of Confucian classics.However,the emphasis on virtue in the Zhouyi is based on the theory of divinity,which is full of fatalism.

关 键 词：侨易学 文学 《焦氏易林》 神道设教 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]