干果类食品的样品前处理与分析检测方法研究进展  

Progress of sample preparation and analytical methods of dried fruit foods

作　　者：周丽慧 肖小华[1] 李攻科[1] ZHOU Lihui;XIAO Xiaohua;LI Gongke(School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学化学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《色谱》2021年第9期958-967,共10页Chinese Journal of Chromatography

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1606101);广东省食品安全重点领域研发计划项目(2019B020211001);国家自然科学基金项目(21976213,21874159).

摘　　要：坚果、果脯等干果类食品含有丰富的营养成分,深受国内外广大消费者的喜爱。但这些食品在果实生产、加工、储运时会使用农药或产生霉变等,造成干果中农药、重金属、霉菌毒素或添加剂等有害成分残留,甚至超过国家限量要求,带来严重的食品安全问题。因此,加强干果类食品的质量监督具有重要的经济和社会意义。但干果类食品基质复杂,有害物质种类多,结构和性质差异大,含量低,其分析检测需要快速高效的样品前处理技术和准确灵敏的分析检测方法。该文主要综述了近十年来干果类食品中有害物质的样品前处理及分析检测方法研究进展。其中样品前处理方法主要包括各种场辅助萃取法、相分离法和衍生化萃取方法等。场辅助萃取法主要是借助超声波和微波场等外场(协同)作用加快干果中有害物质的溶出速度,提高其萃取效率。相分离法,包括固相(微)萃取、分散固相萃取和液相(微)萃取法等,具有溶剂消耗少、分离富集效率高的优势,是干果样品分析中较常使用的前处理方法。该文还重点介绍了干果中各类有害成分分析检测技术,主要包括色谱、原子光谱、无机质谱、电化学分析等常规实验室方法,以及一些适用于现场分析的快速检测技术,并以此为基础,展望了干果类食品中有害物质分析检测技术的发展趋势。Dried fruit foods,including nuts and preserved fruits,are favored by consumers and are rich in protein,lipids,minerals,vitamins,and other nutrients.However,these food products can be contaminated by pesticide residues,heavy metals,mycotoxins,and additives during growth,processing,storage,and transportation.The presence of such pollutants in excess of a certain limit will lead to food safety problems.Therefore,it is of great economic and social significance to strengthen the quality supervision of dried fruit foods.However,these foods have a complex matrix and low concentrations of various harmful substances,which necessitates efficient and appropriate sample preparation methods as well as rapid,accurate detection methods.In the present article,the sample preparation and analytical methods for harmful substances in dried fruit foods since 2010 are reviewed.The sample preparation methods are classified as field-assisted extraction,phase separation,and derivatization and extraction methods.The field-assisted extraction method is based on the action of an external field(synergistic)such as ultrasonic or microwave fields to increase the dissolution rate of hazardous substances in dried fruits and improve the extraction efficiency.Phase separation methods such as solid-phase extraction,dispersive solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction are commonly used as sample preparation methods for dried fruit samples,because of the advantages of low solvent consumption and wide analysis range.Moreover,this paper discusses the progress of various analytical methods for these hazardous substances in dried fruits,including conventional laboratory methods such as chromatography,atomic spectroscopy,inorganic mass spectrometry,and electrochemical analysis,as well as rapid detection techniques suitable for field analysis.Laboratory testing has the advantages of high accuracy,high sensitivity,and low detection limits.However,it has the disadvantages of complicated preparation,long analysis time,and difficult operation.Rapi

关 键 词：样品前处理 分析检测方法 食品安全 有害物质 干果 综述 

分 类 号：O658[理学—分析化学]