高考改革深化期制度公平的现实样态与未来启示--基于中国社会状况综合调查数据的分析  

The Realistic State and Future Enlightenment of Institutional Justice in the Reform of College Entrance Examination:Analysis Based on Comprehensive Survey Data on Social Situation in China

作　　者：刘文 LIU Wen

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学教育学部,桂林541004

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2021年第5期42-48,59,共8页University Education Science

基　　金：2021年广西自治区学位与研究生教育改革课题“专业学位研究生联合培养基地评估标准研究”(JGY2021027)。

摘　　要：深化高考改革是办好人民满意的教育的关键,高考制度实践中的公平感影响人民的教育满意度。通过分析中国社会状况综合调查数据“中青年”样本的高考制度评价结果发现,公众的高考制度公平感较高并强于社会生活公平感,男性高考制度公平感略高于女性且作出极端评价的比例更高,非农出身群体的公平感高于农村出身群体且非农女性的公平感高于非农男性,大专学历群体的公平感略低于高中学历群体,社会经济地位越低的群体高考制度公平感越弱。这些发现揭示了高考改革深化期高考制度公平的基本样态,也为新高考推进过程中如何增进公平提供了启示。在新高考有序推进过程中,制度执行的相关部门有必要重视高考的民意评价和利益相关方的诉求,警惕自由选科带来文科生源大增及相应的性别不公争议,以防男性对高考制度公平极端性评价的加剧,同时尽力消减制度践行所带来的城乡教育不公现象,以间接缩小不同社会经济地位群体高考制度公平感的差异,进而在多元博弈中综合提升高考公平性。Deepening the reform of college entrance examination is the key to the satisfactory education of people,and the sense of fairness in the practice of college entrance examination system affects individuals’educational satisfaction.This study analyzed the results of evaluation in college entrance examination system from the young and middle-aged samples of the comprehensive survey data of China’s social conditions.This study found that the sense of fairness in the college entrance examination system is stronger than that of social life.Secondly,sense of fairness in the college entrance examination system among male participants is slightly higher than the female.Thirdly,the urban backgrounds have a higher sense of fairness than rural backgrounds.Fourthly,the sense of fairness among participants with college education is slightly lower than that participants with the senior secondary education.Fifthly,the participants from low socioeconomic status showed weaker sense of fairness.These findings reveal the basic pattern of the fairness of the college entrance examination system,and also provide enlightenment for how to improve fairness in the progress of promoting the new college entrance examination.In the process of orderly development of the new college entrance examination,relevant departments of system implementation must pay attention to the public opinion about the evaluation of the college entrance examination and the demands of stakeholders,and be vigilant against the large increase of liberal arts students and corresponding gender unfair disputes caused by free choice of subjects,so as to prevent men from aggravating the extreme evaluation of the fairness of the college entrance examination system,and try their best to reduce the urban and rural injustice caused by the practice of the system,so as to indirectly reduce the difference in the sense of fairness of the college entrance examination system among groups with different socioeconomic status,and then comprehensively improve the fairness of the coll

关 键 词：高考改革 新高考 高考制度 公平感 中国社会状况综合调查 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]