无人驾驶汽车碰撞程序的刑法正当性--基于行为功利主义理论  

Legitimacy of the Criminal Law on the Procedure of Driverless Car Crashes--Based on the Theory of Act Utilitarianism

作　　者：杨昆鹏 YANG Kun-peng(Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学司法文明协同创新中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期19-27,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义法学方法论研究”(11&ZD077);重庆市教委人文社科基地重点研究项目“智能司法伦理风险法律控制机制研究”(20JD011)。

摘　　要：“无人驾驶汽车的时代”已经来临,“电车难题”伦理困境也已经变成无人驾驶汽车碰撞程序的现实选择。无人驾驶汽车碰撞行人或牺牲乘客必然侵害法益构成刑法违法,而无人驾驶汽车正常进入交通系统又使其碰撞程序存在违法阻却事由。借助于行为功利主义理论的规范性、刑法适用性、平等性的优势,通过人数比较将抽象化的“法益”转化成可计算的利益衡量,相关利益主体民主商议达成“被牺牲者同意”,从而构建“补强的紧急避险”理论,为无人驾驶汽车碰撞程序在行人之间、行人与乘客之间的选择提供违法阻却事由。The"era of driverless cars"has arrived,and the ethical dilemma of the"electric vehicle problem"has also become a realistic option for the procedure of driverless car crashes.The driverless cars colliding with pedestrians or sacrificing passengers inevitably infringe on the legal interests of the criminal law,while the driverless cars normally included in the traffic system make the procedure of the collision the cause of illegality deterrence.Based on the normativeness,applicability of criminal law,and equality of the theory of act utilitarianism,this paper,with the comparison of the number of persons,converted the abstract"legal interests"into a calculable measure of benefits,and,with the relevant parties consulting to reach the"agreement of the victims",constructed the theory of"emergency risk avoidance of reinforcement"in order to provide the cause of illegality deterrence to the choice between pedestrians,pedestrians and passengers,in the procedure of driverless car crashes.

关 键 词：无人驾驶 行为功利主义 法益 补强的紧急避险 违法阻却 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]