化知识为德性:阳明心学的德性知识观  

Turning Knowledge into Virtue:Wang Yangming′s Virtue Epistemology

作　　者：杨道宇 Yang Daoyu

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第8期116-124,共9页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目“中国心学教学文化的现代意蕴研究”(20JD047)。

摘　　要：王阳明基于心学特色,形成了知行合一的德性知识观:一是主张心外无物的知识价值论,认为知识的价值应在认识世界与改造世界的关系上从认识事物转向成就事物,在成物与成己的关系上从以知成物进入以知成己,在成己的知识价值问题上从使心充实转向使心光明,在使心光明的知识价值问题上从提升智能转向提升智德;二是主张理事心合一的认识对象论,认为认识的对象应在知识与理本身的关系上从书本知识转向理本身,在寂理与显理的关系上从寂理转向显理,在理与事的关系上从理本身转向事本身,在客观事物与意识本身的关系上从客观事物转向意识本身,将意识本身视为认识的首要对象;三是主张心事合一的认识方法论,认为认识的方法应在即物求理与即心求理的关系上从即物求理转向即心求理,在即心求理与事上体认的关系上应基于即心求理转向事上体认,在追逐规则与提升素养的关系上应从规则至上转向素养至上。Based on the characteristics of mind philosophy,Wang Yangming formed virtue epistemology of unity of knowledge and behavior.The first view was his knowledge axiology,which believed that the value of knowledge should be transformed from knowing things to being things,from being things to being human-self,from enriching the content of the brain to developing the capacity of the brain,from developing the competence to developing the character.The second one was his cognitive object theory,which believed that the cognitive object should be transformed from knowledge to things-selves,from sheltered things-selves to un-sheltered things-selves,from things-selves to affairs-selves,from things-selves to consciousness-self.The third one was his cognitive methodology,which believed that cognitive methods should be transformed from watching things from the naked eyes to watching things from the mind′s eyes,from learning through watching to learning through doing,from letting people learn epistemological rules to developing people′s quality.

关 键 词：阳明心学 德性知识论 知识价值论 认识对象论 认识方法论 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]