基于光子计数激光雷达的运动小目标测距测速系统  

Moving Target Distance and Velocity Measurement System Based on Photo-Counting Lidar

作　　者：刘芳华 贺岩[1] 罗远[1] 贾文武[4] 曹丽君[5] 李琳琳[5] 李凯鹏 陈勇强 郭守川 陈卫标[1] Liu Fanghua;He Yan;Luo Yuan;Jia Wenwu;Cao Lijun;Li Linlin;Li Kaipeng;Chen Yongqiang;Guo Shouchuan;Chen Weibiao(Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Physical and Technology,ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai 201210,China;Weapons Testing Center,Huayin,Shaanxi 714200,China;Aerospace Dongfanghong Satellite Company Limited,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光传输与探测技术重点实验室,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049 [3]上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院,上海201210 [4]中国华阴兵器试验中心,陕西华阴714200 [5]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《中国激光》2021年第13期186-194,共9页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：针对运动小目标的测距需求,设计一种适用于运动小目标高速测距的小型化激光雷达系统,测距系统采用光子计数技术,可以减小对激光单脉冲能量和望远镜口径的需求,降低系统的体积、质量和功耗,并基于光纤激光器高重频的特点实现高速率的测距。理论分析和实验测试结果表明,在大气能见度为7 km的环境下,该激光测距系统对反射的截面积为0.1 m^(2)和反射率为0.6的小目标,最大作用距离可达5446.3 m,测距准确度为0.161 m。将测距系统安装在经纬仪平台上,可以实现对运动无人机的跟踪和测距,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法可以实时获得目标的距离和速度,测距偏差在0.11 m以内,速度偏差在0.5 m/s以内。Objective With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) technology, the identification and ranging of small targets at long ranges have become an essential defense requirement. The Swedish defense research agency investigates a linear detected laser range lidar for target recognition and classification, such as small boats at sea and small UAV. However, to measure a small target at long range, the linear detected lidar requires a high-power laser so that the system will be very huge and harmful to the eyes. Alternatively, the time-correlated single photo-counting(TCSPC) technique has emerged as a candidate technology for lidar systems due to its high-sensitivity and excellent range resolution. The use of high-sensitivity single-photon detectors means that low average optical power levels and receive aperture can be used, even at long distances. In this study, we propose a photo-counting lidar, which can install on the theodolite platform to real-time obtain the distance and speed of a small moving target at long-rang.Methods The light source of lidar is a fiber laser at 1545.3 nm,and the pulse width is 6 ns.The laser single pulse energy is 80μJ,and the repetition frequency is 25 kHz.To track the small moving target more easily and steadily,the divergence angle of the laser beam and receiver field of view is set to 1.0 and 1.2 mrad,respectively.The InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes,which is Peltier cooled to 240 K,is adopted as the single-photon detector.The detection efficiency is 15% at 1545 nm,and the dark count rate is 30 kHz.A 1 nm bandpass fitter is selected to reduce the solar background noise.The lidar export a distance of the target by accumulating every 250-laser echo signal collected using the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)with a sampling rate of 400 MHz.Thus,the distance update rate is 100 Hz.However,the laser pulse width is wider than the echo signal-sampling resolution.Therefore,a Gaussian-fitting method is used to deal with the accumulated echo signal so that it can find the exact target

关 键 词：遥感 激光测距 光子计数 激光雷达 无迹卡尔曼滤波 

分 类 号：TN958.98[电子电信—信号与信息处理]