基于行人认知规律的地铁引导标识信息优化  

Optimization of Guide Signs in Subways Based on Pedestrian Cognition Laws

作　　者：郝亚睿 雷斌 张源 孙盈娅 HAO Yarui;LEI Bin;ZHANG Yuan;SUN Yingya(School of Civil Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group,Xi'an 710075,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2021年第4期99-107,共9页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：陕西省交通科技项目(16-40K、20-05R);陕西省科学技术厅社会发展领域项目(2021SF-486)资助。

摘　　要：地铁引导标识担负着引导行人出行的重要功能,目前许多引导标识设置混乱,信息过载,导致认知率较低。为了使行人更高效地从引导标识获取信息,从行人认知规律出发,分别针对行人的瞬时记忆、短时记忆遗忘规律设计了室内认知试验,通过对引导标识信息进行组块划分,对不同组块数量标识的瞬时记忆容量进行研究;采用"Brown-Peterson"法对短时记忆中信息的遗忘规律进行探究。研究结果表明:行人3 s瞬时记忆量在4±1个信息块;行人在没有复述的情况下,信息记忆可以保持15~20 s。在西安市地铁2/3号线的换乘站小寨站进行行人跟踪试验,观察行人行为特征,分析引导标识设置存在的问题。观察结果与室内认知试验研究一致,验证了室内认知试验的科学性。Guide signs in subways play an important role in guiding pedestrians during their travel.Many guides are disorderly set up and overloaded with information,resulting in a low cognitive rate.This paper takes pedestrian cognition laws as a starting point and designs indoor cognitive experiments for the forgetting laws of immediate memory and short-term memory of pedestrians to enable pedestrians to obtain information from guide signs more efficiently.The instantaneous memory capacity of identifying different block numbers is studied by dividing the guide identification information into blocks.Brown-Peterson method is used to study the information forgetting law in short-term memory.The results show that the immediate memory of pedestrians in 3 seconds is 4±1 information chunk,and pedestrians can keep information memory for 15-20 s without retelling.By the tracking test of pedestrians at the transfer station of Xi’an Metro Line 2 and Line 3 at Xiaozhai Station,the characteristics of pedestrians’behaviors are observed,with problems existing in the setting of guide signs analyzed.The results are consistent with indoor cognitive experiments,which verify the experiments.

关 键 词：轨道交通 地铁导向标识 设计研究 认知试验 瞬时记忆 遗忘规律 

分 类 号：U291.69[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]