“四象”诠释的模式演变及其学理意义——以清初学者对图书易学的批判为中心  

On the Evolution of the Interpretation Model of the “Four Images” and Its Academic Significance:Focusing on the Criticism of the Qing Scholars on the He tu and Luo shu

作　　者：陈岘 CHEN Xian

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《周易研究》2021年第3期13-20,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目:“宋至清图书易学研究”(20CZX030)。

摘　　要：朱子以"阴阳老少说"诠释"四象",突破了以虞翻"四时说"和孔颖达"五行说"为代表的象数体系,构建了基于"先天"观念的易学宇宙生成论。但清初学者认为,朱子先天学与《易传》的理论体系存在冲突。黄宗羲从"四象"与《系辞》生生系统的关系入手,改造了朱子的"阴阳老少说"。毛奇龄和胡渭则通过区分"画卦"与"生卦",彻底否定了先天学的合理性,继而创造性地将《系辞》生生系统的诠释与大衍筮法相结合,既提出了全新的"四象"解释语境,又维护了经学诠释的边界。Zhu Xi(1130-1200) interpreted the "Four Images" with the theory of "yin-yang and old-young", breaking through the image-numerological interpretation system represented by Yu Fan’s(164-233) "Four Times" theory and Kong Yingda’s(574-648) "Five Agents" theory, and constructed a theory of cosmogony based on the concept of xian tian(Former Heaven). However, scholars in the early Qing(1636-1912) dynasty believed that Zhu’s former heaven theory contradicts the theoretical system of the Yi zhuan(Commentary on the Changes). Huang Zongxi(1610-1695) started from the relationship between the "Four Images" and the shengsheng(producing and reproducing) system of Xici(Great Treatise), and transformed Zhu’s theory of "yin-yang and old-young". Mao Qiling(1623-1716) and Hu Wei(1633-1714) completely denied the rationality of the theory of former heaven by distinguishing between "drawing hexagrams" and "producing hexagrams", and then creatively combined the interpretation of the shengsheng system of Xici with the Dayan(Grand Expansion) divination method, which both proposes a brand-new interpretation context of "Four Images" and maintains the boundaries of the interpretation of Confucian classics.

关 键 词：四象 《系辞》 象数易学 图书易学 先天学 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]