“佐米亚”理论预设反思与方法论批判——西方文化中心论遮蔽下的《逃避统治的艺术》  

A Reflection on and Critique of Presupposition and Methodology Used by“Zomia”Theory——“The Art of Not Being Governed”under the Cover of Western Cultural Centralism

作　　者：郑宇[1] 张梦尧 Yu Zheng;Mengyao Zhang

机构地区：[1]云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心 [2]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《世界民族》2021年第4期15-27,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西南少数民族地区扶贫历程对农民代际经济行为的影响研究”(项目编号:17BMZ117)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：斯科特在《逃避统治的艺术》一书中运用了可视为人类学学科标识的整体论、互动论和比较方法,倡导反中心主义、反进化论观念,并通过系统论证,试图提炼出阐明高地族群逃避国家统治的策略性及合理性的一种"佐米亚"理论。然而该书却在深层次上陷入了西方文化中心论的窠臼:国家与高地二元对立冲突的精简论证结构,植根于对高地族群秉持绝对化自由价值观的预设;基于"手段—目的"逻辑导致的系列论断错误,源自对高地族群具备"原始"工具理性的预设。而与之匹配的旨在构建普世性理论的演绎法,也没有真正实现预期的、创新研究方法的目标。可见,基于西方文化中心论的理论预设及其方法论问题才是该研究遭到广泛质疑和持续批判的根本原因所在。In The Art of Not Being Governed,Scott used holism,interaction theory and comparative method,which can be regarded as the trademark of anthropology,to advocate the concepts of anti-centrism and anti-evolutionism.Through a systematic demonstration,Scott tried to refine a kind of"zomia"theory that clarified the strategy and rationality of the highland ethnic groups’evasion from the State.However,the book falls deeply into the set pattern of Western cultural centralism:the simplified argumentation structure of the dual conflicts between the State and the highlanders is rooted in the presupposition of the values of absolute freedom upheld by the highlanders;the series of inference errors based on the means-purpose logic originate from the presupposition that highland ethnic groups have"primitive"instrumental rationality.Moreover,the corresponding deductive method,which aims to construct a universal theory,has failed to achieve the expected goal as an innovative research method.Therefore,it is the theoretical presupposition and methodology based on Western cultural centralism,which is the fundamental crux of his study,that has been widely questioned and continuously criticized.

关 键 词：佐米亚 斯科特 西方文化中心论 理论预设 方法论 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]