不同生境来源的草鱼肌肉营养品质比较  

Comparative analysis on the nutritional quality of grass carp muscle from different habitats

作　　者：李忠莹 丁红秀[1] 张露[1] 涂宗财[1,2] LI Zhongying;DING Hongxiu;ZHANG Lu;TU Zongcai(National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing and Engineering Research Center for Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学国家淡水鱼加工技术研发专业中心和江西省淡水鱼高值化利用工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330022 [2]食品科学与技术国家重点实验室(南昌大学),江西南昌330047

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2021年第17期133-139,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-45);江西省重点研发计划项目(20192ACB60005)。

摘　　要：为了解不同生境来源草鱼肉营养品质的差异,选取了来源于河流、湖泊、高密度池塘养殖与低密度水库养殖4种不同生境草鱼,对其肌肉营养成分含量、颜色、质构特性、氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成与含量进行测定和比较分析。结果显示,2种养殖生境来源的草鱼肌肉脂肪含量显著高于2种自然生境来源的草鱼(P<0.05);肌肉硬度显著低于2种自然生境来源的草鱼(P<0.05);肌肉色差值a*值显著低于自然生境(P<0.05),b*值显著高于自然生境(P<0.05)。4种生境来源的草鱼肌肉中均以谷氨酸含量最高,鲜味氨基酸总量没有显著差异(P>0.05),高密度养殖生境草鱼肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量较高;2种养殖生境来源的草鱼氨基酸评价较好,必需氨基酸指数值分别为96.61和90.13,高于2种自然生境来源的草鱼。4种生境草鱼肌肉均检测出18种脂肪酸,各种脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05)。该研究表明,不同生境来源草鱼肌肉的营养品质差异显著,2种养殖生境草鱼氨基酸组成比自然生境的更合理,草鱼养殖过程中可以适当补充苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸,以满足草鱼生长发育的需求。To figure out the difference nutritional quality of grass carp muscle from different habitats,this study to determine and compare the nutritional compositions,color,texture characteristics,amino acids,fatty acids composition and content of grass carp muscle from four habitats which including river,lake,high-density cultured pond and low-density cultured reservoir.The results showed that the muscle fat content of grass carp in the cultured habitat was significantly higher than that in the natural habitat(P<0.05).And the hardness was significantly lower in the cultured habitat than that in natural habitat(P<0.05).The a*value of muscle color was significantly higher than that in natural habitat(P<0.05),and b*value was significantly lower than that in natural habitat(P<0.05).Moreover,the glutamate content was the highest in grass carp muscle,and no significant difference was observed in the total content of delicious amino acids(P>0.05).The total amino acids,total essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids of grass carp muscle from the high-density cultured pond were higher than others.Amino acid evaluation of grass carp in two culture habitats was better which were EAAI values of 96.61 and 90.13,respectively,which were higher than that in natural habitats.Eighteen kinds of fatty acids were detected in grass carp muscle from four habitats,and the content of various fatty acids were significant differences(P<0.05).Our findings suggest that the nutritional quality of grass carp muscle from different habitats is significantly different,and the amino acid composition of grass carp in cultured habitats is more reasonable than others.Threonine,methionine and cysteine can be appropriately supplemented in the cultured process of grass carp to meet the needs of grass carp growth and development.

关 键 词：草鱼肌肉 营养成分 质构特性 氨基酸 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：TS254.1[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]